Peutastomum Taenioides. 25 



flies are common, ill smelling substances to the neighborhood 

 of the nares of the sheep, such as tar, fetid animal oil, hartshorn 

 oil, etc. This procedure, however, is likewise impracticable 

 in the case of large herds. Under these conditions it is ad- 

 visable, in such neighborhoods where the dangerous flies abound, 

 to keep the sheep on hot summer days in fumigated barns and 

 to allow them to visit the dangerous pastures only after sunset 

 or at night. 



Oestrus Disease in Dogs. Ed. Sergent and E. Sergent (A. P., 

 1907, 392) have observed in Algeria, in such parts where the number 

 of sheep is small compared with the number of inhabitants, that sheep 

 flies deposit their ova into the eyes, lips and nose of shepherd dogs 

 and of the shepherds themselves, particularly if they eat much sheep's 

 or goat's cheese. The disease called "Thimmi" in the vernacular 

 manifests itself soon after the deposit of the ova, after three to ten 

 days, and during this time there is observed burning of the eyes, dis- 

 turbance of vision, swelling of the conjunctivae, lacrimation, also a 

 serous nasal discharge, rul)bing of the nose ; occasionally symptoms 

 of pain in deglutition, and cough depending upon affection of the 

 pharynx and larynx. In the conjunctivae and occasionally in vomited 

 material one finds the very small white, lively, motile larva?. Recovery 

 occurs without exception. The larva? do not attain full development. 

 Tobacco smoke has proved effective in keeping sheep flies away from men 

 and shepherd dogs. 



(b) Pentastomum Taenioides. 



Historical. This parasite was discovered in 1763 by Wrisberg; 

 according to Ziirn, however, before him by Chabert (1757) ; its life 

 historv was ascertained by Gurly, particularly, however, by Leuckart 



(I860). 



Occurrence. The adult parasite is found preferably among 

 the dogs of butchers, shepherds and hunters; it is found very 

 rarely among other dogs, not at all among pet house dogs. 

 The frequency of occurrence appears to be very variable in 

 different parts of the world. 



Among 630 dogs examined in Alfort with reference to this point Colin found 

 the parasite among sixty-four (10.2</f); in Toulouse only one (3.3%) out of 

 thirty dogs examined showed the parasite; in Berlin (Deflfke) thirteen (6.5%) 

 of 200 dogs; in Chemnitz only 0.92% of 326 dogs examined (Tempel, Feuereissen). 



Aside from dogs the parasite has been found in other animals 

 by Chabert, Schwammel, Leblanc, Rose in the nasal cavity of the 

 horse ; by Greve, in a mule ; Rhind, in sheep ; Bruckmueller, in the 

 goat; Bremser, Colin and Miram, in the wolf; and by Laudon, in man. 

 Kulugin found 1 to 2 mature individuals of the parasite in the nasal 

 cavity of calves which five or six weeks previously had taken up ten 

 to sixteen larvae with the food' or drinking water. 



