34 Catarrli of the Frontal Sinus. 



first of bony hardness later on becomes soft in the region of the 

 greatest prominence, and subsequently in other places; finally there 

 is distinct fluctuation. The laryngeal glands are always enlarged but 

 not painful. Left to itself the affection generally leads to suffocation 

 of the emaciated animals. 



The disease does not always develop so rapidly, but after a few weeks 

 it may be observed in an advanced stage. Sand saw the affection in a six-year-old 

 gelding which had already wnored some when a foal, but which manifested diflSeult 

 respiration and swelling of the region of the antrum of Highmore only in its sixth 

 year of life. 



When the prominent region is incised or sawed into, a considerable 

 amount of slimy serous fluid is discharged, mixed with yellow fibrin-like 

 coagula. The antrum is considerably enlarged, the partition walls 

 have disappeared and have been changed into a friable tissue. The 

 internal surface of the cavity is covered with a soft gelatinous material 

 which here and there contains sacs filled with mucus. The turbinated 

 bones may likewise be enlarged and the nasal passages may be closed 

 completely. 



Microscopic examination shows that the major part of the bone has been 

 changed into myxoid tissue and that lacunar absorption has taken place. In the 

 neighborhood one sees an active new formation of lione. 



The treatment consists in timely trepanation followed by disin- 

 fectant irrigations. This procedure usually leads to permanent recovery. 



Literature. Frohner, Monh., 1897, YIII, 514.— Sand, ibid., 1893, IV, 193. 



Inflammation of the Cella Infraorbitalis in Fowls. This affection 

 generally occurs in the course of diphtheria and of contagious nasal 

 catarrh, exceptionally in consequence of the presence of parasites 

 (monostoma) ; it leads to the formation of a hot, tender swelling in 

 the infraorbital region (socalled swollen face of chickens). If pressure 

 is made upon this swelling a mucopurulent exudate is discharged 

 from the nasal opening of the same side. Splitting of the swelling 

 in the long axis of the head, followed by irrigation, usually leads to 

 recovery unless the primary affection takes an unfavorable course. 



11. Catarrh of the Frontal Sinus. Catarrhus sinus frontalis. 



Under the name of catarrli of the frontal sinns are desig- 

 nated more or less deeply penetrating, generally chronic, in- 

 flammatory processes in the mucosa of the frontal sinuses 

 which lead to the formation of mucopurulent masses of exudate 

 (empyema sinus frontalis). 



Occurrence. Catarrh of the frontal sinus occurs only rarely 

 in horses and dogs, more frequently in cattle. Railliet saw 

 one case in a sheep. 



Etiology. Traumatic insults causing a hemorrhage into 

 the frontal sinus or a rupture or a fracture of the bony wall 



