48 Croupous Lai-yn.-iitis. 



rapidly in intensity; the respiratory difficulty reaches a high 

 degree within 1 to 2 days. 



The temperature is considerably elevated from the start, 

 at the same time the animals are much depressed, the appetite 

 is suppressed, and rumination has ceased completely. Cough 

 comes on soon; it is at first dry, short and strong; after a 

 short time, however, it becomes peculiarly hoarse, convulsive 

 and very painful. The respiration assumes a character pointing 

 to stenosis of the larynx sometimes during the first day; 

 the inspiration is markedly forced; the intercostal spaces and 

 the lower portions of the "thorax sink in strongly during in- 

 spiration. Each inspiratory act is accompanied by a peculiar 

 whistling and rattling sound. Over the region of the larynx 

 and the trachea stenosis sounds can generally be heard asso- 

 ciated with moist rales and the hand placed over the larynx 

 feels distinctly a laryngeal fremitus. The animals betray great 

 anxiety. The nostrils become dilated to the utmost in horses ; 

 other animals keep their mouths open^ or stretch out 

 their tongues, hold their heads stretched forward, tremble, 

 move their elbows away from their thorax, stand still with 

 staring eyes; the mucosae are cyanotic; the superficial veins 

 are strongly congested; foamy, tenacious mucus is abundantly 

 voided from the mouth. Increased laryngeal tenderness is per- 

 manently present, and even mild pressure brings about a con- 

 vulsive cough ; the difficulty in respiration may become so severe 

 that it may lead to an attack of suffocation. In some cases 

 the region of the larynx feels warmer and appears infiltrated 

 with an edematous exudate. 



During the attacks of cough the animals expel an abundant 

 mucopurulent or purely purulent secretion through the nose 

 and mouth. Toward the third to fifth day membranous shreds 

 of fibrin are thrown out in addition or also longer fibrin 

 cylinders, the caliber of which agrees with that of the larynx 

 and trachea. The difficulties in respiration cease markedly 

 directly after the expulsion of such masses and the general 

 condition of the patient improves rapidly and may go on to 

 complete recovery. In other cases the improvement is only 

 temporary or amelioration and aggravation alternate re- 

 peatedly. 



The neighboring lymph glands are swollen and tender; 

 the pulse is rapid, small, and later on almost filiform. The 

 appetite is poor; the feces are sometimes mucoid or mixed 

 with shreds of fibrin. The secretion of milk ceases from the 

 start. 



Course. In a part of the cases laryngeal stenosis increases 

 very rapidly and death occurs on the third and, in young geese, 

 even during the first two days. Except in the last mentioned 

 birds^ the course is generally somewhat slow^er; does not, 

 however, as a rule, extend over more than ten days. The end 



