14 111 recti. MIS Nasal Calanii oC Swiiic. 



lite; the sick animals [\'i'i\ very slowly or not at all, though 

 they root a good deal in the food whieii is placed before them. 

 They early show a certain degree of anxiety and excitement and 

 make a peculiar blowing noise, as if they wanted to expel a for- 

 eign body which had gained entrance into the nose. They occa- 

 sionally rub their snouts on their feed troughs or on the walls 

 of the pens. Usually on the second day there is bleeding from 

 the nose upon sneezing, and there appears a reddish, slimy, 

 later on and in more protracted cases, a purulent nasal dis- 

 charge ; according to Anacker, even ichorous secretion flows from 

 the nose in some cases. Breathing becomes more and more forced 

 and snorting. If the nasal nmcosa is much affected, there may 

 be edematous swelling of the region of the nose and of the sub- 

 maxillary glands. In the further course, generally after one to 

 three days, marked cerebral symptoms become manifest, there is 

 restlessness, wdiich may increase to maniacal excitement and 

 to attempts to scale the walls of the pens; also convulsions, 

 which cause the animals to fall to the floor. The excitement is 

 followed by coma and the animals lie apathetically in the straw, 

 unable to rise. 



Course and Prognosis. The disease generally takes an acute 

 course and frequently ends fatally within from three to six days, 

 under increase of the disturbances in respiration and of the 

 general depression. In some epidemics all the animals die and it 

 becomes necessary to slaughter the exposed animals in time be- 

 fore they show signs of the disease. Rarely do cases terminate 

 fatally within one to two days. More frequently a chronic course 

 is observed, the first tempestuous symptoms become milder, the 

 appetite, however, remains poor or va liable, there may be slight 

 epistaxis at intervals and mild convulsions. The nutrition of 

 the patients suffers gradually and the animals die from inani- 

 tion after several weeks or months, unless they have previously 

 been killed. Recovery is rare; different epidemics, however, 

 vary greatly in this respect. 



Diagnosis. The acute onset with high fever, the intense 

 inflannnation of the nasal mucosa and of the brain without pro- 

 trusion of the bones of the face, furnish sufficient data for a 

 diagnosis. Rachitic or osteomalatic extension of the facial 

 bones is characterized by an afebrile course and ])y the marked 

 disorder of the facial portion of the head wdtli simultaneous 

 protrusion of the hard palate toward the l)uccal cavity; there 

 is in this affection a nasal catarrh only after a prolonged course 

 and after a nasal stenosis has been existing for some time. 

 Hog cholera, in its most acute form, might be confounded with 

 contagious nasal catarrh liecause it is sometimes accompanied 

 by epistaxis and by sjmiptoms on the part of the ])rain. The 

 absence of anatomical changes in the nose, and the changes found 

 in the intestinal tract upon post-mortem examination, should 

 prevent an error in diagnosis. 



