12 Infectious Nasal Catarrh of Swine. 



or actinomycotic changes has also been included nnder the term of 

 "snuffling disease'' Anacker, and particularly Friedberger & P^rohner, 

 have advocated to abandon this name entirely. The authors are fully in 

 accord with Friedberger & Frohner and think that it is bad practice 

 to throw together entirely different affections under one name merely 

 on account of the presence of one common symptom; the name should 

 therefore be abandoned entirely. 



Imminger recognized the infectious nature of the disease in 1890 

 and Koske cleared up its etiology in all of its main points in 1906. 

 Aside from these authors, Anacker, Schneider and others have furnished 

 contributions to the symptomatology and pathologic anatomy of the 

 disease. 



Occurrence. Infectious rhinitis occurs dnrin^' all seasons 

 enzootically among pigs three to six months old ; older liogs are 

 affected only rarely. Wooden pig-pens appear to be particu- 

 larly favorable to the appearance and to the spread of the dis- 

 ease; other observers claim that a rough stone floor favors the 

 appearance of the affection. So far, only German veterinarians 

 have reported on the appearance of this disease. 



Etiology. Bacillus pyocyaneus is a usually small, slender, 

 non-motile rod with rounded ends and with a single flagellum 

 at the posterior pole; its length is between 0.6 to 6 /-i and its 

 shape is likewise very variable. It does not form spores. The 

 bacilli have been found in the ethmoidal mucosa and in the brain 

 of sick animals. They are easily stained with the watery anilin 

 stains, but they are decolorized by Gram's method. 



Cultural Properties. In a gelatin stab culture the bacilli develoji 

 almost exclusively in the upper part of the stab canal, to form first 

 a depressed growth on the surface, greenish and fluorescent in color. 

 Liquefaction spreads dowaiward and the growth collects at the bottom 

 of the liquefied gelatin as a slimy mass; the surface becomes covered 

 with a greenish-yellow growth. On gelatin plates there are first formed 

 small, roundish, yellowish-white colonies growing rapidly in size, their 

 center darker yello^ash and the periphery greenish fluorescent. On 

 agar, there is formed a fairly thick, grayish-yellow covering, which 

 at room temperature later on becomes deep dark green ; the cultures 

 emanate an aromatic odor resembling jasmin. On potatoes the growth 

 is at first reddish-yellow and changes from the second day into green. 

 Bouillon becomes after some time uniformly cloudy and greenish in 

 the upper strata. Milk is coagulated. 



Tenacity. The resistance of bacillus pyocyaneus is considerable, about equal 

 to that of staphylococcus pyogenes aureus (Wassermann). 



Pathogenicity. Small laboratory animals (mice, guinea- 

 pigs) die after subcutaneous inoculation of pure cultures wdtliin 

 two to five days ; after intraperitoneal inoculation even after 

 three to six hours. If young pigs are inoculated directly into 

 the mucosa of the ethmoid, after a preliminary trepanation, they 

 develop the same symptoms and anatomical changes as in 



