lufeetiuns Nasal Catarrh of Swine. 11 



ate in degree. In fowl diplitlieria pseudoniembranes are found 

 on the mucosae and also on the skin. 



Treatment. Ziirn reconnnends the inhalation of vapors of 

 tar ; Azarv, irrigation of the nasal cavities with a 3-5 per cent 

 solution of chlorate of potash, or a 5 per cent solution of 

 borax; Klee advocates irrigation of the nasal cavities 

 with a 2 per cent solution of sulphate of copper. The 

 same solution may be used to brush the conjunctivae and 

 the mucosa of the pharynx. One should also see that the masses 

 of secretion agglutinating the eyes and the nostrils are removed 

 from time to time. The inf ra-orl)ital cell, if swollen, must early 

 be laid open by an incision and must be irrigated for several 

 days after the removal of the exudation. One must also attend 

 to artificial feeding of young birds whose eyes have become 

 closed and who consequently cannot feed properly. Feld rec- 

 onnnends that white bread soaked in water or milk be introduced 

 into the bill of such patients. While the disease lasts the ani- 

 mals should be kept in warm places. 



Prophylaxis. Since treatment of the disease frequently is 

 without results it is advisable to limit the spread of the disease 

 by isolation of the sick, or better still, of the healthy birds, 

 and by cleaning and disinfecting the coops and runs. The 

 spread of the disease may sometimes be checked by the imme- 

 diate slaughter of all the sick birds (Ammerschlaeger). The 

 importation of the disease may be prevented by careful exam- 

 ination of newly bought birds and by keeping them in quaran- 

 tine for some time. 



Literature. Anmiorsdilacger, W. F. Th., 1906, 27.— Deieli, S. B., lOo:?, 67.— 

 Feld, Leipzig, Geflztg., 1906.— Gratia & Lieiianx, Ann., 1S08, 401.— Ilaiibold, S. B., 

 1908, 76.— Klee, Geflnegelkrkt., 1905, 18; P. \C, 1901, ii, 26. 



4. Infectious Nasal Catarrh of Swine. Rhinitis infectiosa suum. 



{Schnilffelkrcuiklicif, Bdsarfifjrr Nasenkafarrh der Schweine 

 [Anacker] [German] ; Rhinitis infectiosa [Imminger].) 



Infectious nasal catarrh of swine is an enzootic, infectious 

 disease of young pigs, caused by the bacillus pyocyaneus, char- 

 acterized anatomically by a hemorrhagic inflammation of the 

 nasal and ethmoid mucosa and by hemorrhagic meningitis. 



Historical. The disease has been known in Germany for a long 

 time under the name of "snuffling disease"; it was believed to be 

 a rachitic afiPection of the bones of the face or osteomalacia (see Vol. I) 

 (Haiibold, Harms, Wulff, Ostertag) ; others considered it a specific form 

 of rhinitis (Schneider, Imminger) ; while still others (Anacker) 

 thought that it was identical with malignant catarrhal fever of cattle or 

 a form of scorbutus (Plering). Since nasal stenosis due to tuberculous 



