8 Contagious Nasal Catarrh of Birds. 



Nasal Catarrh with Cutaneous Desquamation in the Neighborhood 

 of the Nose in Horses. This disease, occurring fre(iuently among horses, is 

 probably clue to noxious feed, in such a manner that certain irritating 

 substances of such food, during ingestion, come in contact with the skin 

 in the neighborhood of the nose, the mouth and the mucosa of the nose. 

 Varying Avith the nature of the feed either the changes of the mucosa of 

 the muzzle are more marked or, on the contrary, those of the nose. An 

 origin as indicated above was established by Oekresz who found fifty-eight 

 out of sixty-four horses of one owner affected seven days after they had 

 been fed with chaff from a certain source. The disease did not spread to 

 other horses. Aside from the changes of catarrh of the mouth and nose, 

 desciuamation of the skin was seen at the lower part of the head, the 

 pigmented epidermis was shed in thin, but fairly large, lamellaB and 

 flakes, and the skin assumed a peculiarly ragged appearance. Change 

 of feed in such cases, supported by the usual therapeutic applications 

 to the skin of borovaselin, brings about recovery within a few davs 

 (Oekresz, A. L., 1909, 514). 



Benign Infectious Nasal Catarrh in Cattle. This disease, by Dieck- 

 erhoff also called ephemerous infectious nasal catarrh, is contagious 

 in nature and is usually observed in adult cattle, only exceptionally 

 in calves. It often occurs as a stable epidemic, frecjuently, however, 

 also sporadically. According to Dieckerhoff, the period of incubation is, 

 as a rule, only two days. 



The relation of this disease to malignant catarrhal fever or croup of cattle 

 (see A^ol. T) and to infectious catarrh of the upjier respiratory passages in cattle 

 (see catarrh of the larynx and bronchi) is still to be established by further observa- 

 tions. 



The first symptoms consist in decrease or even in complete lack of 

 appetite, also weakness and a more or less febrile temperature, which, 

 in severe cases, rises up to 40° C. and higher. In milch cows there is 

 a decrease of milk secretion, laerimation, swelling of the eyelids, a thin 

 mucoid secretion from the nose, reddening of the conjunctivae and of the 

 nasal mucosa. 



The course is acute and recovery occurs in adult cattle generally 

 after one to one and a half days, more rarely after two to three days. 

 Dieckerhoff observed a fatal case in a calf. 



Treatment consists in a proper regulation of the diet (good hay 

 and bran mash). 



Literature. Dieckerhoff: Specielle Pathologie, 1892, ii, 86. 



3. Contagious Nasal Catarrh of Birds. Coryza avium 

 contagiosa. 



(Ansteckender SchuKpfcn der Yoegel [German] ; Coryza con- 

 tagieux, morve oii ronpie des ponies [French].) 



Contagious nasal catarrh of fowls is an acute infectious 

 disease characterized anatomically by a catarrhal inflammation 

 of the mucous membranes of the head. 



Occurrence. The disease occurs preferably among young 

 fowls, especially chickens, during damp, cold weather^ in fall 



