Treatment. 7 



ease evident. Strangles may lead simply to the s>anptoms of 

 acute nasal catarrh and the specific nature of the disease may 

 only be recognized because other animals show the typical pic- 

 ture of the disease. (See Vol. I.) In other animals we must 

 likewise consider the occurrence of specific nasal catarrhs. 



Treatment. Acute nasal catarrh usually ends in recovery 

 without any treatment. It is sufficient to protect the sick ani- 

 mals against drafts of air, to keep them in a moderately warm 

 place and to give them feed free from dust. In severe cases 

 with higher fever, with abundant discharge and snorting respir- 

 ations, it is well to irrigate the nasal cavities with pure water, 

 1-2% solution of carbonate of soda or creolin, or make 

 the animal inhale medicated vapors. When the secretion is 

 very abundant, turpentine (1-5% evaporated over hot water) 

 is very serviceable. Crusts adherent to the margins of the 

 iiares should be removed with warm water and the place should 

 then be covered with fat or vaseline. 



Chronic nasal catarrh requires local treatment with inhala- 

 (ion and irrigation of tlie nasal cavities. 



In larger animals inhalation is lironght al>out by placing nnder the nares o^ 

 the patient a vessel filled with hot water and by wrapping a large cloth around 

 the heail of the animal and the vessel. If a horse should be frightened by this 

 manipulation, the lower jtart of its head is placed into a feed sack, fastened to the 

 head; the bottom of the feed sack is removed and the former conneeteil with the 

 vessel with hot water (Johne). Smaller animals may be made to inhale in a similar 

 manner, or by the aid of a Siegel, a Bulling or a Wasmuth apparatus. The use 

 of these apparatuses appears less serviceable however, since the greater portion 

 of the sprayed fluid becomes deposited in the lower portions of the nasal cavities 

 (Poeschel, Freund). 



Much better results are obtained in all animals from irrigation of the nasal 

 cavities with the aid of a syringe connected with a proper rubber tube, perforated 

 in several places at its free end. This tube is introduced high up into the nares 

 and the fluid is injected under moderate pressure. A catheter with lateral per- 

 forations connected with an elevated irrigator may also be used. A Frick or a 

 Bayer-Kieselbach spray apparatus which may be introduced into the nares of a 

 horse without difficulty is also quite serviceable. The following solutions may be 

 used for nasal irrigations: 1 to 2% solution of carbonate of soda or creolin; 

 % to 19r solution of carbolic acid, tannic acid; 2 to 4% boraeic acid. 

 Gorodtschaninow produced recovery in a short time in a case of chronic nasal 

 catarrh by irrigation with alcoholic tannoform and menthol solution, composed of 

 2 parts of tannoform, 0.:? parts of menthol and 145 ])arts of Q-i'/c alcohol, plus 4n 

 parts of distilled water. This solution was mixed before use with equal parts of 

 distilled water. 



However, in chronic catarrh of the u])permost portion of 

 the nose these methods are insufficient, and here as well as in 

 necrosis of the turbinated bones there is no other procedure left 

 but trephining of the nasal cavity and irrigation from above 

 with disinfectant and astringent fluids. 



Internal medication appears superfluous ; sulphate of atro- 

 pine may perhaps be used in case of abundant secretion. In 

 secondary nasal catarrh the primary affection must be sub- 

 jected to the proper treatment, which is usually surgical. In 

 empyema of the upper turbinated bones the removal of these 

 parts sometimes becomes necessary. 



