Section III. 

 DISEASES OF THE BRONCHI. 



1. Bronchial Catarrh. Catarrhus Bronchiahs. 



{Bronchitis Catarrhalis. ) 



Bronchial catarrh consists in an inflammation extending 

 to a variable extent into the tissue of the mucosa. It may 

 either affect the larger bronchi (macrobronchitis) or only the 

 finer ])roncliial branches (microbronchitis, s. bronchiolitis, s. 

 bronchitis capillaris), or it may extend all over the bronchial 

 tree (bronchitis diffusa ). Catarrh of the larger bronchi is 

 usually associated with catarrh of the trachea and larynx. 



Occurrence. Bronchial catarrh is one of the most common 

 affections of domestic animals and is seen in all kinds of 

 animals, particularly in horses, dogs and cattle. Sometimes 

 it occurs in horses, cattle and goats in epizootic form. 



Etiology. Taking cold plays an important role in primary 

 acute bronchial catarrh. Cold and wet weather, north and east 

 winds, staying in the open air, pasturing during cold nights 

 frequently give rise to colds, and therefore many animals are 

 affected simultaneously in spring and fall. The detrimental 

 influence of cold under these circumstances, and that of drafty 

 air affects especially very young or very old, overheated animals 

 or animals which have been robbed of their natural protection 

 by shearing. Horses are therefore frequently affected after 

 hard driving, dogs after hunting, sheep after shearing. 



The inhalation of contaminated air is a further cause of 

 bronchial catarrh. Especially dangerous in this respect are 

 finely divided or gaseous bodies, because they can penetrate 

 into the deeper parts of the bronchial tree. Lubenau's experi- 

 ments have sho\\Ti that vegetable dust can penetrate deeply 

 and remain for a long time in the bronchial lumen. Metal dust 

 is more apt to produce chronic catarrh. Spores of mould are 

 inhaled during the ingestion of mouldy, musty or spoiled feed, 

 and an acute catarrh may be produced in this manner. 



Fluids or small solid bodies which may get into the air 

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