P.roiu'hial ( "atarrh of Fowls, Contagious lutlammatiou of Air Sac iu Geese 63 



or less with the exchange of gases and they close the huer brouchi 

 completely. 



Hence the symptoms of this affection consist in a very grave 

 dyspnea which reaches a high degree, either suddenly or more rarely 

 after a preliminary fever which is not well marked. One hears rattling, 

 whistling and purring sounds over the thorax. They are as a rule very 

 loud and may be felt as a pectoral fremitus. The disease is recognized 

 in its true nature only after the patients have coughed up croupous 

 membranes, the source of which is made obvious by their tubular shape 

 and branching arrangement. This does not, however, occur in all 

 cases, because the animal may suffocate without any expulsion of mem- 

 branes or the latter may not be thrown out but may be swallowed 

 and so escape notice. 



The disease may reach its full development within 2 to 3 days 

 and may then lead to suffocation, especially in young animals, while 

 older and stronger animals may occasionally recover after the expulsion 

 of the membranes. 



The treatment is similar to that recommended for laryngeal croup ; 

 tracheotomy, however, is of no avail, and the chances of successful 

 treatment are not as good since we cannot reach the deeper portions 

 of the respiratory tract. 



[The disease of cattle and sheep described above is similar to one 

 occurring in man and now generally called bronchitis fibrinosa. It 

 is, however, a very chronic affection in man, w^hicli usually leads to 

 a fatal issue. Translator's note.] 



Bronchial Catarrh of Fov^^l. This disease manifests itself in cough 

 and accelerated respiration, accompanied by r-ales formed in the trachea 

 and audible at a distance; on flying the rfdes may be increased to 

 a rattling sound. Very marked difficulties in respiration point to an 

 affection of the pulmonary parenchyma. 



Internal treatment is not promising. Ziirn recommends the 

 administration of the following : Amnion, chlorat. 0.5 ; mel. 0.5 ; aqua 

 foenic. 50.0 (table or tea spoonful doses 8 to 4 times daily). More 

 successful is the inhalation of hot water vapors, or of a fine spray 

 of mucosolvents (1% sol. common salt, sod. carbonat. or bicarbonat.'). 

 These are employed in such a manner that the opened bill of the bird 

 is held over a vessel with hot water or over an inhalation apparatus. 

 Birds kept in the room may be treated so that a vessel with hot water 

 is placed next to the cage, while both are covered \^dth a cloth. Sprays 

 must be directed into the cage. Care must be taken that the birds 

 get enough air for breathing. 



Contagious Inflammation of the Air Sac in Geese. This is a general 

 infectious disease which has been observed in epizootics among geese 

 imported from Russia. It is characterized anatomically by a fil)rinous 

 inflammation of the air sacs and of the serous memliranes. 



The cause of the affection is, according to Bugge, a slender bacillus 

 of about the same morphology as the bacillus of hog erysipelas. It 

 does not, however, form colonies on ordinary nutrient agar like the 

 bacillus avisepticus. 



The most marked anatomical changes are found in the air sacs, 

 which appear yellow in color while their internal surface is covered 

 with thick, leathery, whitish-yellow masses. Similar deposits are found 

 on the serous membranes of the liver, spleen, intestines, peritoneum 



