64 Narrowing of the Large Bronchi. "'• 



and kidneys. In consequence of the frequent simultaneous involve- 

 ment of the peripheral bronchi nodules of pin-head to pea size or 

 branching masses are found in the lungs. 



The most essential symptoms are accelerated respiration with open*-* 

 ing of the bill, with snoring sounds, also staggering in walking, difficulty 

 in rising with kicking of the legs toward the head. The depression, 

 which is present from the start, increases rapidly and the l)irds generally 

 die within 8 to 10 days, occasionally also earlier and (juite unexpectedly. 

 The disease may be distinguished from fowl cholera because it occurs 

 exclusively in geese, ])y the absence of hemorrhages and the presence 

 of filirinous deposits in the air sacs and by the microscopic detection 

 of a slender bacillus which does not take a bipolar stain. In croupous 

 laryngitis of young geese intense dyspnea is present from the start and 

 the pseudomembranes are found in the larynx. 



Since treatment is unpromising the disease can only be mset ^by' 

 prophylactic measures (see fowl cholera). — (Bugge, Z. L Iniksij'W^',' 

 iii, 470.) j.idiiiym siii io 



■ri/Kft 9rfT 

 ii'i 2. Narrowing of the Large Bronchi. BronchostenoSfe;'^'"''^ 



Etiology. Stenosis of the larger bronchi may be eau'^ed' 

 especially by the accidental introduction of foreign bodies, ears 

 of grain, fir-cones, pieces of bone, cartilage, wood, needles, etc.,' 

 as they have been f onnd repeatedly in the air passages of horses^, 

 cattle, swine and carnivora. (Szabo found a mouse in the air 

 passages of a hog that had suffocated suddenly, which got there 

 accidentally while the animal had been rooting.) Other canses 

 are narrowing of the bronchial Inmen by cronpons pseudomehi-' 

 branes or compression of the bronchi by enlarged or suppurat- 

 ing bronchial or mediastinal l}anph glands, aneurysms of i}\Q. 

 a9irta, tumors of the lungs or of the mediastinum,; r ifwri >?iii 

 f-K} (! : ; 'io nortfi'[.t?,inrmbfi 



•■••Symptoms. Narrowing or complete obturatibii ' of '^' lavg^' 

 bronchus diminishes the exchange of gases in the correspond- 

 ing portion of the lung or prevents it entirely and causes dif-; 

 Acuities in respiration, which come on suddenly in the casfe'"'(if 

 the introduction of a foreign body, but more gradually in ca^^^' 

 of compression by a tumor. Particularly the former condition 

 leads to convulsive paroxysms of cough.' Difficulty of respirla-; 

 tion is generally of a much graver form in consequence of sudi-. 

 den closure than it is in a stenosis which lias developed gradu- 

 ally., The stenosis is usually unilateral, it lessens theWcur- 

 sions of the corresponding half of the thorax and canses a sink- 

 ing in of the yielding portions of the thoracic wall in inspira^-: 

 tion. A stenosis sound similar to that heard in laryngeal steno-' 

 »i& may likewise be observable. ' > ■ =" "iit;» •miT 



' The percussion sound remains unchan^M ^'s""roh'^^a^"t'^'erb' 

 is not a complete olistruction. The vesicular breathing sounds! 

 are absent over the affected half of the thorax, or "at least' 

 weakened, and are intensified over the other' portions of the 

 chest. Over the affected parts are heard occasionally rattling 

 or whistling sounds. 



