66 Luiigworiii Disease, 



somewhat l)loatod; defecation retarded. Dui-iug the examination the 

 symptoms increased to sneh an extent that the animal threatened to 

 fall down. During the intervals between the attacks neither at rest 

 nor at exercise did any disturl)ances occur. All symptoms disappeared 

 after an injection of eserine (Grebe thought that this case was identical 

 with the asthma dyspepticum of man). 



Penberthy reported six cases in wliich the attacks came on suddenly 

 and disappeared just as suddenly after 2 to 24 hours, after the patients 

 had exi)elled a bronchial secretion by a violent attack of cough. Im- 

 provement did not occur, however, and two of the asthmatic horses 

 presented the signs of emphysema alveolare genuinum (!). — Boer saw 

 the affection in two young cows which, in slight narcosis produced 

 on inspiration a sharp whistling or hissing sound during the attack. 

 Tlie presence of pediculated tumors (tuberculous) in the larynx or its 

 neigh])orhood had not Ijeen entirely excluded in these cases. 



Literature. Boer, HoU, Z., ]8SS, XV, 2.S.— Grel)e, A. f. Tk., 1889, XV 255 — 

 Ponbeitliy, J. coiiii). Path., 1894, 3.19. 



4. Lungworm Disease. Bronchitis et Bronchopneumonia 

 verminosa. 



(Verminous bronchitis', Verminose Lungenphtliise, Strongylns- 



kranklteit, Liingenwurmseiiche, Lungenwurmhusten [Gei^ 



man] ; Strongylosis pulmonum ; hronchite et hroncho- 



pnenmonie vermineuse, Strongylose broncho- 



pulmonaire [French] , ) 



Lungworm disease is an affection which is usually enzootic, 

 even epizootic. It occurs in the form of a bronchitis or broncho- 

 pnenmonia of variable extent and is caused by lung jjalisade 

 worms. 



Historical. Epizootics among animals caused by worms were first 

 descril)ed in the middle of the eighteenth century. They attracted 

 more universal attention, however, only after another hundred years. 

 The following have especiallv studied tliis affection: Davaine (1860), 

 A. Koch (1883), Neumann (1888), A. Miiller (1889), Tapken (1891), 

 M. Schlegel (1899), Jeanmaire (1900), Doctor (1907), Joest (1908) 

 and others. 



Occurrence. The disease occurs in all countries, usually 

 among animals which are kept in marshy pastures or in pas- 

 tures which are frequently exposed to inundations or situated 

 in lowlands. The disease sometimes occurs during stable feed- 

 ing, especially in hogs, more rarely in cattle. Among domestic 

 animals, sheep and goats are most commonly affected, in some 

 neighborhoods also swine; more rarely affected are cattle and 

 camels; horses, asses, cats, dogs and rabbits only exceptionally. 

 Lungworms are very frequently found among some wild mam- 

 mals such as deers, roes, chamois, boars and hares. As a herd 

 disease, it is generally only met witli in sheep and goats, espe- 

 cially among younger animals, and from time to time it causes 



