Prophylaxis. 79 



and Coppens). The spray must lie iiiterrupted if an attack of cough sets in. The 

 tube should be left in the trachea during the whole period in which this treatment 

 is employed. 



Full success can only be secured when the lungs are not 

 seriously affected. Opinions are still divided as to the special 

 form in which the drugs are to be used. Some observers prefer 

 oil emulsions, since these remain longer in the air passages than 

 the watery solutions. Nielsen, however, considers oil emulsions 

 improper, since they do not mix with the mucus and do not get 

 to the worms. The treatment with the spray apparatus as in- 

 troduced by Scheibel appears most serviceable, since the finely 

 divided fluid is, during inspiration, aspirated into all bronchi 

 into which an air current is still entering. 



Whether irritating smoke or vapors of similar action are 

 indicated even in the beginning of the affection is very question- 

 able. This method consists in burning masses of horn, tar, 

 stinking oil, etc., on heated iron plates in closed spaces, where 

 the animals are kept, or in heating turpentine until vapors are 

 developed, and in compelling the confined animals to inhale the 

 irritating air so as to produce much cough. 



Stimulation and strengthening of the animals is of the 

 utmost importance because experience hap shown that strong 

 animals sometimes survive even a severe attack. The animals 

 should therefore have nutritious food, if possible cereals to 

 which have been added bitters and preparations of iron. Pas- 

 turing animals should also receive nutritious food and hay. In 

 order to prevent repeated invasions the pasture might be 

 changed or the sick animals might be stabled. Animals which 

 are very sick and which do not improve in spite of proper 

 treatment should be slaughtered. 



Prophylaxis. Lowly situated, marshy and damp pastures 

 should be avoided. Care is particularly necessary in continued 

 rainy weather, and young animals which are especially suscepti- 

 ble must be protected. In such neighborhoods where the dis- 

 ease has become permanently endemic, dry feeding offers the 

 best protection (Schlegel). Preservatives which are praised as 

 effective are useless, but one might water the animals before 

 they are driven to the pastures, because this might cause them 

 to avoid drinking water from pools and marshes. The sputum 

 coughed up by the sick animals, the feces and the bedding- 

 straw, the respiratory tract of slaughtered animals or those 

 dying spontaneously must be destroyed. In a herd which is al- 

 ready infected, the young animals should be separated from the 

 adults. Where hogs and cattle are concerned the stables and the 

 drinking places should be disinfected. In places where the dis- 

 ease prevails among rabbits the weak and emaciated animals 

 should be shot (Docter). 



Literature. Ben Danou, Journ. vet., 1909, 84.— Csokor, Ger. Tk., 1889, 489.— 

 Docter, Ein Beitr. z. Kenntnis des verm. Pneum. des Hasen, Diss. Leipzig, 1907 

 (Lit.).— Joest, Z. f. Infkr., 1908, IV, 201.— Kasparek, A. f. Tk., 1900, XXVI, 



