90 Acute Alveolar Emiiliysenia. 



saiy to consider all circumstances and the condition of all 



Treatment. When a hemorrhage is not abundant, it suffices 

 to take the animals to a moderately cool place, to protect them 

 against every excitement and to give them complete rest; they 

 should not be excited even by an examination. ITemorrhages 

 occurring in young chickens may be stopped by bringing the 

 animals to a warm place. If cough is present, it should be 

 suppressed by narcotics, while the hemorrhage should be met 

 by drugs which contract the vessels. Most commonly used are 

 ergot (secale cornutum) (15.0-25.0 or 0.5-2.0; of the extract 

 5-iO or 0.2-1.0 gm. internally, the extract in half doses sub- 

 cutaneously) ; ergotin (0.02-0.2 gm. hourly for dogs) ; extractum 

 liydrastis (10-15 gm. for horses subcutaneously). Mellin and 

 Plumier consider secale cornutum as not serviceal)le because 

 it brings about contraction only in the larger circulation so 

 that it may increase the pulmonary hemorrhage; fluid extract 

 of ergot is said to be an exception from this rule. Water 

 containing vinegar, turpentine or chloride of iron are serviceable 

 for inhalation. Cold packs of the thorax and, according to 

 others, warm packs may be employed. If the site of the hemor- 

 rhage can be made out, the affected half of the thorax may 

 ])e placed at rest by applying strips of adhesive plaster to it. 

 One may also employ Moerkeberg's rubber plates (6-8 mm. 

 thick), which may be moulded easily after a previous soaking 

 in hot water. 



Venesection appears indicated only in the presence of 

 hyperemia of the lungs; excitants and digitalis must be used 

 when great weakness is to l)e counteracted. Subsequent anemia 

 nuist be properly treated (see Vol. I ). Animals which are 

 predisposed to hemorrhage from the lungs must be protected 

 prophylactically against excessive work, overheating, cold, etc. 



3. Alveolar Bloating of the Lungs. Emphysema pulmonum 



alveolare. 



The term emphysema of the lung designates an abnormal 

 dilatation of the alveoli with an enlargement of the lungs due 

 to it ; the pulmonary parencli>nna may either remain normal 

 (emphysema pulmonum alveolare acutum) or atrophy may 

 occur of the interalveolar septa (emphysema pulmonum alveo- 

 lare genuinum s. substantiale s. essentiale). 



(a) Acute Alveolar Emphysema. 



{Simple Bloating of iJic Lungs.) 



Acute alveolar bloating of the lungs consists in simple 

 dilatation of the air vesicles without any structural changes 

 of the pulmonary parenchyma. It is always secondary in nature 



