96 



Chronic AIv 



Bloatinj 



on account of diniinislicd j)iiliiioiiary clasticit}', short, and as 

 a rule, dull. 



The apex beat is fre(iuently somewhat accelerated, the 

 heart sounds are weakened, the second pulmonary sound is 

 commonly somewhat accentuated (felt in the median portion 

 of the left lower thorax in the third intercostal space). Transi- 

 tory sii>ns of cardiac weakness may come on, particularly after 

 hard work. 



The respiratory difficulties increase markedly during work 

 aud this reduces the work-value of the animals correspondingly 

 with the advance of the disease, when the signs of shortness 

 of breath become verv marked. 



Fig. 9. Displacenicnt of the jiosterior, lower l)ouii(lary of Tlie lung in chronic 



emphysema. The anterior liner line indicates the normal boundary whicli at C 



goes over into cardiac dullness; the heavier line indicates the boundary of the 



enlarged lung. Tiie figuri's indicate the numbers of tlie ril)s. 



The investigations of Eiclitcr and Schmidt have shown that shortness of breath 

 produced by chronic alveolar pulmonary emithysema, particularly during exercise, 

 brings about an elevatioTi of temperature which will return to normal only after 

 two hours. Half an hour after the exercise the temperature may still be 38.9° C. 



Disturbances of nutrition and permanent circulatory dis- 

 turbances a])pear after the disease has lasted a long time. 

 Animals which were previously fairly well nourished or even 

 fat gradually become emaciated; edema appears on the lower 



