Diagnosis. Treat men t. Croupous Pneumonia. IQl 



physema may occasionally increase more and more, so that the 

 whole body becomes swollen and disfigured. Subperitoneal 

 emphysema can be felt with the hand introduced into the rectum. 

 The condition is sometimes rapidly aggravated, so that 

 the animals suffocate within 1 to 2 days, while in other cases 

 even an extensive air infiltration disappears and recovery finally 

 takes place after a considerable period of time. 



Diagnosis. The disease may be suspected if dyspnea has 

 been preceded by the factors enumerated above ; it can, how- 

 ever, only be diagnosticated beyond doubt when subcutaneous 

 emphysema develops after the respiratory disturbances, and 

 when other causes, such as injury to the upper air passages 

 or to the esophagus, have been excluded. At its onset the 

 disease may be confounded with hyperemia or edema of the 

 lungs. 



Acute edema of the glottis is differentiated by dyspnea 

 associated with an inspiratory, whistling stenosis sound. 



Treatment. To prevent if possil)le the further escape of 

 air, complete rest must be enforced and cough, if present, must 

 be alleviated with narcotics. Subcutaneous emphysema does 

 not call for any special treatment, because the escaped air 

 is gradually absorbed spontaneously, provided that the tears 

 have been closed; slight massage may hasten the absorption. 

 Puncture must be avoided on account of the danger of infec- 

 tion. Hasenkamp, however, produced rapid recovery in a sheep 

 which had become emphysematous all over the body by making 

 a number of small incisions into the previously cleansed skin. 



Literature. Bouley, Diet., 1878, Y, 4S2.— Delafond, Rec, 1832, 243.— 

 Denieester, Aim., 1859, 342.— Hasenkamp, D. t. W., 1909, 472.— Littinger, Ziindels 

 Beridit., 1880-1881, 67. 



5. Croupous Pneumonia; Pneumonia crouposa. 



(Pneumonia fihrinosa; Pneumonia lobaris.) 



Croupous pneumonia is an acute febrile disease with a 

 typical course, associated with the occlusion of the alveoli of 

 larger continuous parts of the lungs, with an exudate consisting 

 of fibrin and blood corpuscles. 



Etiology. Croupous pneumonia of domestic animals is 

 caused without exception by an infection, whether occurring 

 as a primary disease or whether it comes on as a complication 

 in the course of specific infectious diseases. The infectious 

 agents may be endowed with pathogenic properties from the 

 start and may, after invading the animal's body, at once produce 

 an inflammatory process. Croupous pneumonia of this type 

 occurs as a localization of certain specific infectious diseases 



