Etiolc 



105 



pneumonia if it does not end in death rapidly. Since bipolar 

 bacilli with the morphologic characteristics of bacillus suisepti- 

 cus occur in the buccal cavity, pharynx and nose of the hog, tliey 

 may get into the bronchi with the feed, in greedy feeding or 

 w4th accidentally inhaled foreign bodies, and may there cause 

 a foreign body croupous pneumonia. The observations of 

 Passerini and Wyssmann prove that anthrax in hogs may lead 

 to a croupous pneumonia; the latter may form the exclusive 

 localization of the anthrax infection. 



The epizootic pneumonia which is rarely croupous in sheep 

 is caused by bacillus ovisepticus (see Vol. I) ; the infectious 

 pneumonia of anatolic goats (see Vol. I) is likewise due to 

 bipolar bacteria ; the cause of infectious pleuropneumonia of 

 goats is unknown (see Vol. I). 



According to older statements (Roll, Trasbot, Boissiere, 

 Renault) dogs were said to be frequently subjects of croupous 

 pneumonia. These older statements, however, do not deserve 

 much credence because the cases referred to were evidently 

 distemper bronchopneumonias, which not infrequently involve 

 whole pulmonary lolies. One may claim this with confidence, 

 since the recent reports concerning croupous pneumonia of 

 carnivora are very meager and the few cases published refer 

 only to clinical observations. Distemper bronchopneumonia 

 leads to only a partial formation of fibrinous exudate. 



According to Friedl^erger & Frohner cats suffer not in- 

 frequently from croupous pneumonia. Whether this disease 

 is identical with the cat epizootic observed recently by Gartner 

 in Greifswald, cannot be decided definitely. The latter disease 

 is, according to Gartner, caused by the bacillus pneumoniae 

 felis, a microorganism belonging to the group of bipolar 

 bacteria; the affection consists of an extensive necrotizing 

 pneumonia, principally of the posterior lobes; it is sometimes 

 accompanied by a hemorrhagic, fibrinous pleurisy. This bacillus 

 is probably identical with one described by Marx (bac. pneu- 

 moniae tigris) and found in a tiger dead from hemorrhagic 

 pneumonia (Gartner). Typical croupous pneumonia in the 

 anatomical sense is also found in carnivora ill with glanders 

 (Kitt). 



Rabbits suffer from croupous pneumonia after an attack of 

 contagious rhinitis (see page 15), or this affection represents 

 the localization of such an invasion. Siidmersen described a 

 bacillus of the colon group as the cause of an enzootic pleuro- 

 pneumonia of rabbits; Selter, one of the bacillus bipolaris 

 septicus group (compare catarrhal pneumonia). 



Croupous pneumonia in fowls is seen in slow cases of fowl cholera. 

 Jowett saw an epizootic pnenniopericarditis in turkeys, which was caused 

 by the bacillus bipolaris septicus. 



For details as to these affections due to bipolar bacilli 

 the reader is referred to the first volume, dealing with infectious 

 diseases, 



