114 Croujious Pneumonia. 



Fairly frequent are those cases in which the inflammatory 

 infiltration spreads from the j^nhnonary portions that are first 

 affected to parts situated posteriorly and upward, or to the 

 other lung- (pn, progrediens). Under these circumstances the 

 disease extends over a longer period, occasionally over several 

 weeks, and the involvement of new portions of lung is indicated 

 by elevations of temperature. 



Recurrences occur exceptionally in cases in which the 

 process has subsided, the fever disappeared and resolution 

 taken place. In such cases the animal is, after a few days, again 

 attacked by fever and the signs of pulmonary consolidation 

 reappear at the place where they were found originally, or 

 at another portion of the lungs (pn. recidivans). 



The s^inptoms of croupous joneumonia vary also according 

 to different species of animals. Horses present the picture 

 described above. Elevation of temperature does not occur as 

 rapidly in cattle as it does in horses ; the acceleration of respira- 

 tion is, however, more marked in the former than in tlie latter. 

 Cattle frequently present a weak, painful cough which can 

 easily be brought on artificially. Saffron-yellow or rust-colored 

 nasal discharge is absent, but one may observe a whitish mucoid 

 nasal secretion. Bronchial breathing is heard more rarely than 

 in horses ; vesicular breathing over the affected portions is 

 more commonly weak or completely absent. The duration of 

 the disease is longer; it lasts from one to three weeks, imtil 

 resolution occurs in cases of favorable termination. 



According to Gaertner's observation, during an epizootic 

 among cats, these animals frequently sneeze and have an 

 abundant nasal discharge, which is at first seromucoid and be- 

 comes purulent within two to three days. Masses of pus fill the 

 nares, they move backward and forward during respiration, dry 

 into crusts, often close up the nose and compel the animals to 

 breathe through the mouth. The respiration is forced, often 

 pumping, accelerated and accompanied by loud sniffing and 

 snoring. Intense conjunctivitis is always present ; it is at first 

 serous then purulent. A weak, hollow and painful cough is 

 heard in all cases. The temperature ranges between 39.5 and 

 41.6° C. The animals are at first depressed and morose, later 

 on apathetic. 



The affected animals usually die within three to six daj^s, 

 although exceptionally the disease may be prolonged to three 

 weeks and more, and may then pass into recovery. 



Complications are comparatively frequent in the course of 

 croupous pneumonia. The degeneration of the myocardium 

 plays an important role in the prognosis of the disease. A 

 certain degree of cardiac disturbance forms a part of the typical 

 clinical picture of pneumonia; these disturbances, however, 

 assume a threatening character only in case of very grave 

 infection or in very extensive spreading of tlie inflammatory 



