Course. Diagnosis. 1X7 



general perspiration and the animals fall to the floor. In the 

 meantime symptoms of j^nlmonary edema have developed. 

 Suppnration and gangrene lead to death in other cases, after 

 pyemic and septicemic symptoms have made their appearance. 

 An edema of the glottis may sometimes produce death by 

 suffocation. 



A considerable number of cases of pneumonia is followed 

 by a serous pleurisy; this must be suspected if dullness persists 

 obstinately or even increases in the lower portions of the thorax 

 and if more or less remittent fever is present. Severe pleurisy 

 may cause adhesions of the pleura and this may lead to an 

 asthmatic condition. 



Chronic induration of the lungs not infrequently persists. 

 This is indicated by a long drawn out stage of resolution, some 

 difficulties of respiration persist ; there may be moderate fever 

 and the dullness does not clear ujd completely. A similar 

 chronic process is sometimes developed in the neighborhood 

 of a gangrenous focus, which may, even after weeks, produce an 

 acute inflammation and cause death. A chronic pulmonary 

 induration following upon acute pneumonic s\Tnptoms appears 

 in horses and cattle tolerably frequently only in certain years, 

 while in other years pneumonia rarely leads to this complication. 

 The physical changes pointing to induration of the lungs dis- 

 appear anyhow in a considerable number of cases 3 to 4 weeks 

 after the fever has disappeared and the animals may be con- 

 sidered completely cured from a clinical standpoint. 



In 0.4-2.8% of the cases occurring in the Prussian army 

 the animals which had recovered presented after a few weeks 

 the symptoms of paralysis of the larynx (q. v.). (Twenty-four 

 [77%] of thirty-one thoroughbred horses of a stud, which had 

 sulfered from pneumonia, subsequently developed paralysis of 

 the recurrent nerve [Plosz]). 



Diagnosis. The typical form of croupous pneumonia can 

 easily be diagnosticated in all species of animals. The sudden 

 onset, a fever which is continuous for several days and falls 

 either rapidly or gradually, the regailar sequence of changes of 

 the signs elicited by auscultation and percussion, recovery 

 generally occurring in the second week of the severe affection, 

 form a clinical picture which cannot easily be confounded with 

 that of any other disease. None of the enumerated sjanptoms 

 is of course characteristic by itself alone. Most characteristic 

 is a rust or saffron-colored nasal discharge; however, this 

 valuable symptom is often absent, even in horses. In the very 

 first stage of the disease the cause of the fever is, of course, 

 not ol)vious unless a similar affection has been observed pre- 

 viously in other animals. Systematic temperature observa- 

 tions among the animals in one barn will permit the early 

 recognition of new cases, because changes in the percussion 

 sounds will reveal the nature of the disease on the day following 

 the observation of fever. 



