120 Croupous riieumonia. 



more or less ; particular!}' unfavorable are : pleurisy with abun- 

 dant effusion, pericarditis, diffuse nephritis; to a lesser degree 

 fibrinous pleurisy or intestinal catarrh. Sjauptoms of gan- 

 grene or suppuration of the pulmonary tissue point almost with 

 certainty to an early lethal issue. 



It must finally be considered that sequela? may come on 

 which will materially reduce the value of the animal. Since 

 the advent of such sequelse cannot be foreseen in the milder 

 cases, the prognosis must always be guarded until the lung 

 affection has entirely disappeared. 



The mortality varies in horses between 0-20% ; it is usually 

 between 10-15% ; in milder enzootics much less. In cattle the 

 mortality varies considerably more; sometimes all cases get 

 well (Strerath, Coulon & Olivier, Gotteswinter) ; at other times 

 a mortality of 40% has been observed (Kriiger) and even more 

 (Guillebeau & Hess). 



Treatment. The establishment of the most favorable 

 hygienic conditions, especially sufficient ventilation of the barn 

 or sojourn in the open, is of the greatest importance in influ- 

 encing the course and termination of the disease. AVorking 

 animals must at once he taken off work, to be kept in a moder- 

 ately cool, well ventilated place or in the open air during 

 favorable weather, but they must be protected against rain and 

 wind. Where there are larger numbers of horses, turning them 

 out into a yard will influence those that are affected favorably 

 and prevent the spread of the disease. Weak large animals, 

 especially horses, should be placed in slings. They should be 

 permitted to lie down only at intervals and not more than two 

 hours at a time. Rubbing of the body is beneficial and invig- 

 orating to the patients. 



Since in acute febrile diseases the animals usually eat 

 only juicy, dainty feed, herlnvora should have fresh green feed, 

 or if this cannot he had, good fresh hay, bran or flour mash 

 perhaps mixed with some grains, also roots, beets, carrots, etc. 

 If sick horses appear to prefer oats they should have them, 

 mixed however with chopped vegetable roots. Carnivora should 

 receive fresh milk, finely chopped boiled or roast meat, also 

 strong meat-soups with one or more eggs. All food should 

 be given in small but often repeated rations. The animals 

 should frequently be offered fresh, but not too cold, water, 

 also during the night, since the animals, and particularly the 

 horses, are too weak to get to the suspended or otherwise placed 

 water vessels. It is also advisable to clean the mouths of the 

 sick animals with pure water before offering them food. They 

 often take it then even if they appear previously to have no 

 appetite. Where aspiration is threatening on account of dis- 

 turbances of deglutition, food and water may be withdrawn, 

 and moderately or well nourished animals may be made to 

 fast for a few days. Later on, however, these patients and 



