126 Catari-lial Piiciiiuonia. 



Joline concerning an enzootic broncliopiienmonia of cattle in the 

 neiohborhood of Freiberg are highly interesting. This form 

 of pneumonia developed in consequence of the inhalation of 

 smelter-smoke containing arsenic and it predisposes very much 

 to the development of tnl^ercnlosis. 



Accordiufj to Joliiie older horses not infrequently develop brouehopnemnonia 

 in consequence of long continued stay in the stable (""stable-pneumonia"), because 

 a prolonged sojourn of this kind leads, through insutficient breathing, to an accumu- 

 lation of the ])ronchial secretion with the subsequent decomposition of the collected 

 masses; this again induces partial pulmonary emphysema, atelectasis and finally 

 bronchopneumonia. Bechmaun, liowever, considers stable-pneumonia as a form of 

 croupous ])nemnonia (influeiiza). 



Parasitic worms (see page 66) are frequently, moulds 

 rarely, the cause of catarrhal pneumonia. 



The great majority of cases of catarrhal pneumonia develop 

 on the basis of an infection. The same organisms which cause 

 croupous pneumonia may especially be active (Weichselbaum), 

 particularly in A'ery young, or on the contrary, in old debilitated 

 animals. 



The bacillus bipolaris septicus may cause bronchopneu- 

 monia, particularly in cattle. (According to Smith, the spo- 

 radic pneumonia of cattle is a bronchopneumonia caused by the 

 bacillus 1)ipolaris). Bronchopneumonias are also often caused 

 by bacillus pyogenes. However, this bacillus probably invades 

 the lungs only secondarily and is able to display pathogenic 

 properties there only if the bronchial mucosa has l)ecome pre- 

 disposed at the time of the invasion or previous to it (Holtli, 

 Reisinger) in consequence of non-specific irritation (cold, inha- 

 lation of dust, congestion of the lungs). Martens, Berstel, 

 Schmidt and Lewek have descril)ed a bronchopneumonia occur- 

 ring in Germany, either sporadically or enzootically, as an in- 

 fectious disease sui generis, beginning with the sjanptoms of 

 catarrh of the upper respiratory passages (see page 45) and 

 leading to bronchopneumonia in a portion of the cases. It can 

 not yet be decided what is the relation between this affection 

 and bronchopneumonia caused by the bacillus pyogenes, which 

 was described more fully by Reisinger. Lewek found Gram- 

 positive bacilli or Gram-positive cocci or both in the affected 

 lungs. Prolonged transportation on railroad cars or on board 

 ship, unhygienic conditions and colds play a predisposing role. 

 The disease is particularly common in market cattle. 



Bronchopneumonia caused l)y the bacillus pyogenes occurs 

 also in hogs (Borges). The etiology of contagious broncho- 

 pneumonia observed by Robert and Deich in dogs of every age 

 is entirely unknown. Rabbits frequently suffer from broncho- 

 pneumonia either in connection with contagious rhinitis or as a 

 primary affection which is, however, caused by the same in- 

 fectious virus (infectious pneumonia of rabbits). A liacillus of 

 the coli group, described l)y Slidmersen (see page 10.")) likewise 

 causes epizootic bronchopneumonia and catarrhal disease of 



