Enzootic Pneumonia of Youni; Animals. 133 



massage of the heart (compression of the cardiac regions from both sides 

 about fifteen to twenty times per minute), by artificial respiration 

 (movements of the bent front leg upward and downward and then back- 

 ward toward the region of the flank), the removal of mucus from the 

 buccal cavity, rhythmical pulling out of the tongue, friction of the skin, 

 instillations of vinegar into the nasal cavity, titillation of the nasal mu- 

 cosa with a straw (Moussu). Hygienic measures, particularly proper 

 breathing and proper care, are important from the standpoint of 

 prophylaxis. 



Literature. Jiuiack, Z. f. Flhyg., 1906, XVI, 321. — Siniader, Ueber Lungen- 

 atelectase, etc., B. t. W., 1906, 445 (complete Literature). 



7. Enzootic Pneumonia of Young Animals. 



(Septic pneumonia of calves, lambs, kids, pigs, foals; enzootic 



hronchopneumoma of young animals , pleuropneumonia sep- 



tica [PoELs], pneumo-enteritis septica [Galtier] ; Fer- 



kelsterbe, Ferkelhusten, Zementhusten, clironische 



Schweineseuche [German] ; Broncliopneumonie 



infectieuse des veaitx, des agneaux, des 



chevreaux [French] ; pneumonite dei 



neonati [Italian].) 



Enzootic pneumonia of young" animals is an infectious pneu- 

 monia, or pleuropneumonia, which occurs enzootically, and is 

 usually catarrhal, not uncommonly catarrhal croupous, or 

 purely croupous ; it is caused by various bacteria, among them 

 the bacillus bipolaris septicus and its varieties. 



Though some of the forms of pneumonia here enumerated have 

 already been described in Volume I. as special diseases, the collective 

 consideration in one chapter of all contagious pneumonias occurring in 

 young animals cannot be avoided, because only in this manner is it pos- 

 sible to do justice to the requirements of practice and also to consider 

 those forms of contagious pneumonias which were not taken up in the 

 other volume. 



Historical. Reports on the occurrence of a contagious pneumonia 

 in young animals are found since the middle of the last century ; but 

 they received more particular attention since 1890. In 1886 Poels de- 

 scribed the disease in cattle in Holland and claimed as its cause a bacillus 

 similar to the bacillus of swine plague. These findings have subse- 

 quently been confirmed by Jensen (1890), van den Maogdenbergh and 

 Lienaux (1892). Perroncito, in 188.5, described a pleuropneumonia of 

 calves, occurring sometimes sporadically and at other times epizootically. 

 He claimed as its cause an organism which he called micrococcus ambra- 

 tus, a bacterium which is different from the bacillus bipolaris septicus. 

 The exact etiologic position of the disease described by Perroncito has 

 not yet been cleared up satisfactorily. 



Aside from those named, the following have studied the etiology of 

 contagious pneumonia in young animals: Semmer (1888); Bongratz 

 (1892) ; Stroese & Heine (1898) ; Grips, Glage & Nieberle (1904) ; 

 Schreiber (1906) ; Pfeifer (1906) ; Hartl & Reisinger (1907) ; Lignieres 

 (1907) ; Berger (1907) ; and J. Miiller (1907). 



