Protective Inoculation. 141 



are present, they sliould be covered with lumber, which can 

 easily be removed and cleaned. 



If, in spite of jDrecautions, the disease has made its ap- 

 pearance, healthy animals should be separated from the sick 

 and suspicious ones. The removal of the healthy animals and 

 their mothers to another stable or another farm, etc., wdiere 

 there are no young ones is very desirable. Those animals 

 which are to be transferred sliould be cleaned, especially on 

 their extremities. The isolated animals should have separate 

 attendants. If the disease has made its appearance to a limited 

 extent, it is best to slaughter the sick and suspicious animals, 

 otherwise they may be kept alive and isolated until they either 

 recover or until their slaughter becomes necessary. Recovered 

 animals should only be used for breeding purposes with every 

 possible precaution, since they may become instrumental in 

 spreading the disease. 



Stables, pens and runs must be disinfected thoroughly 

 after the removal and burning of loose woodwork. Manure 

 must be made innocuous by the use of chloride of lime. Stables 

 for breeding animals, which have been visited repeatedly by 

 the disease, must be disinfected before the young ones are born 

 (the procedure after parturition has been indicated in Vol. I). 



These measures usually make it possible to stop the spread 

 of the disease and to prevent its occurrence. 



Protective Inoculation. Protective inoculation against 

 pneumonia of lambs has recently been practiced with good 

 results (Proske, Goldmann, Beckhard, Becker) with a poly- 

 valent immune serum of Ostertag & Wassermann (Pr. Vb.) or 

 with septizidin or with septizidin B. (Goldberger, Evers, 

 Schreiber). Dysentery serum has been used in other cases. 

 Streptococcus serum is indicated in streptococcus infections. 

 It appears advisable to vaccinate animals shortly after birth 

 and to repeat the vaccination after a few weeks. 



It is impossible at present to make a definite statement on 

 the prophylactic efficiency of protective inoculation; it must, 

 however, be stated that unfavorable results have also been 

 reported. This may, of course, be explained by the fact that 

 enzootic pneumonia of young animals is caused by a variety of 

 bacteria, and that the virulency of the bacillus bipolaris is 

 subject to a great deal of variability. 



Literature. Becher, B. t. W., 1906, 696.— Beckhard, Ibid., 1906, 681.— 

 Berger, Z. f. Infkr., 1907, III, 356.— Goldberger, B. t. W., 1906, 507.— Goldmann, 

 Ibid., 1906, 322.— Gotteswinter, Ibid., 1891, 384.— Greve, D. t. W., 1902, 491.— 

 Grips, Glage & Nieberle, Die Schweineseuchen, Berlin, 1904.^Hartl & Eeisinger, 

 B. t. W., 1907, 197.— Holth, Z. f. Infkr., 1907, III, 155.— Immelmann, Pr. Mt., 

 1883, 46.— Jensen, Monh., 1891, II, 1.— Kitt, Monh., 1890, T, 145.— Kutzbach, 

 Pr. Mt., 1859, 159.— Lignieres, Bull., 1907, 45.— Miiller, Kitts Bakterienkunde, 

 1908, 254,— Olt, D. t. W., 1904, 325.— Pfeiffer, Vet. Jhb., 1906, 101.— Poels, Hdll. 

 B., 1887, 159; Z. f. Flhyg., 1905, XV, 278.— Pr. Vb., 1903 ii. 1904., II.— Proske, 

 B. t. W., 1906, 506.— Eiihm, W. f. Tk., 1906, 702.— Schimmelpfennie, Pr. Vb., 1904, 

 II, 22.— Sc-hleg, S. B., 1893, 124.— Schreiber, Monh., 1907, XVIII, 299 (with 

 literature on tlie septic pneumonia of calves, lambs and kids). — Strose & Heine, 

 D. t. W., 1898, 813.— Wittlinger, Pr. Vb., 1902, II, 23. 



