156 Chronic Interstitial Pneumonia. 



which is scarcely ever absent, occasionally leads to a transi- 

 tory elevation of temperature. 



Lardaceous pneumonia of horses at first leads to diminished appe- 

 tite, listlessness, cough, emaciation, and to gradually increasing acceler- 

 ation and dit^iculty of respiration, with the characteristics of broken- 

 Avinded trouble. Only after several weeks does percussion reveal, par- 

 ticularly in the upper portions of the thorax, more or less distinct dull- 

 ness and diminution or absence of the vesicular breathing sounds, and 

 the presence of rales. Bang l)elieves that a chronic alveolar pulmonary 

 emphysema is probably always formed. Fever and acceleration of the 

 pulse come on only after the disease has lasted a long time or after very 

 severe service. The course of the affection is insidious and slow and 

 difficulties in respiration only after one-half to one year, reach such 

 a high degree that the animals can not be used for work. 



In lironchopneumonia filiroplastica of horses Griiter observed fre- 

 quent, strong cough, scanty nasal discharge, accelerated respiration with- 

 out special use of the muscles of the flanks, unchanged percussion sounds, 

 normal boundaries of the heart and of the lungs. 



Diagnosis. When dealing with a very slowly progressing 

 pulmonary affection, one must ahvays think of chronic inter- 

 stitial pneumonia ; however, it can only comparatively rarely 

 be diagnosticated definitely. The greatest difhcnlties in differ- 

 ential diagnosis are offered by echinococcns diseases of the 

 lungs and by pulmonary tumors. The diagnosis is compara- 

 tively easiest if the chronic pnlmonar^^ disease comes on after 

 the sjanptoms of acute croupous or catarrhal pneumonia or 

 acute pleurisy have passed off. In cattle and also in other 

 animals it is important to exclude tuberculosis ; this can, of 

 course, usually be done hj a tuberculin test. 



Treatment is absolutely non-promising, hence all efforts 

 must l)e directed toward sparing the animal and promoting a good 

 nutrition, which may retard the further development of the path- 

 ologic process. The improvement of the bronchitis will improve 

 the condition of the patient. One might try fil)rolysin (for 

 large animals every second to fourth day, one gm., dogs 0.2 

 gm. ; or 10 cc. and 2 cc. respectively of the prepared solution 

 subcutaneously). Animals whose meat is used for human con- 

 sumption should be slaughtered as soon as their nutritive con- 

 dition has improved. 



Literature. Bang, Maandsskr., 1894, V, 218.— Berger, Z. f. Infkr., 1007, 

 III, 356.— Dieckerhofif, W. f. Tk., 1884, 3.57. Spez. Pathol., 1904, I, 854.— Gnieter, 

 Beitr. ?.. Kenntii. d. Bronchitis chronica des Pferdes, Diss. Ziierich, 1909 (Lit.). — 

 Lnlienau, Arch. f. Hyg., 1907, LXTII, 391.— Liittschwager, D. t. W., ' 190.S. 1 

 (Lit. on Pulmonary Anthracosis). — Olkers, Leipzig. Ber., 1906. — Prosch, Loipyig. 

 Hor., 1906, F.— Vansteenberghe & Grysez, A. P., 1905, 787.— Bull., 1906, 695. 



12. Echinococcus in the Lungs. Echinococcosis pulmonum. 

 Occurrence. Echinococcosis in general, and pulmonary 

 echinococcosis in particular, occurs everywhere. Its fre- 

 quency, however, varies within wide limits in different parts. 



