Other Parasites in the Lungs. Neoplasms of the Lungs. 159 



Other Parasites in the Lungs. 



Distomatosis of the lungs is frequently seen in cattle, rarely in 

 sheep, exceptionally only in hogs, buffaloes, horses, asses and drome- 

 daries. The invasion of the lungs is brought about in such a manner 

 that hepatic distomas get into the hepatic and from there into the pul- 

 monary vessels. Globular cysts from walnut to apple size are then 

 formed in the pulmonary tissue, preferably in the posterior cutaneous 

 lobe, which have a fibrous, sometimes calcified capsule, and may, in 

 sheep or young cattle, be surrounded by hemorrhagically infiltrated 

 tissue. In the yellowish or olive green contents of the cysts the ova of 

 distoma are foiind and occasionally one, oxceptionally two of the liver 

 flukes. 



Lung distomatosis usually does not lead to any clinical symptoms ; 

 occasionally there may be cough, possibly also a circumscribed dullness 

 on percussion, also rales. Emaciation occasionally occurs, but it is then 

 probably due to a simultaneous distomatosis of the liver. 



Lung pentastomosis caused by Pentiistomum denticulatum or 

 Linguatula denticulata has been observed in a few cases, viz., in the goat 

 (Gerlach, v. Ratz) ; in the roe (v. Ratz), and in cattle (Hermann, Lung- 

 witz). The larvge of pentastomum burrow canals into the pulmonary 

 tissue and frequently also into the pleura? ; numerous hemorrhagic foci 

 are formed thereby and the animals may die from cachexia (v. Ratz). 



Worm-nodules and cysticerci, sometimes seen in the lungs of horses 

 and cattle, are without clinical significance (see liver cysticercosis con- 

 cerning the occurrence of Cysticercus tenuicollis). 



Literature. Lungwitz, Z. f. Flhyg., 1S93, III, 218. — Neumann, Mai. paras., 

 1892, .560.— V. Eatz, Cbl. f. Bakt., 1893, XII, 329.— Regnier, Rev. gen., 1908, XI, 131. 



13. Neoplasms of the Lungs. Tumores pulmonum. 



Tumors of the lungs are not very rare ; they are, however, less im- 

 portant from a clinical standpoint, because it is very difficult to diag- 

 nosticate them. Most frequent are carcinomata and adenocarcinomata 

 (especially in dogs), then sarcomata and melanosarcomata (in horses) 

 as a rule as metastatic neoplasms. Fibromata, chondromata, lipomata, 

 osteomata, dermoid cysts are occasionally encountered. Botryomyco- 

 mata are sometimes found in horses. 



The symptoms which might be detected in the living animals are 

 on the whole very indefinite in nature, because usually they refer only 

 to a diminution of the respiratory surface; possibly also to an infiltra- 

 tion of parts of the pulmonary parenchyma with bronchial catarrh ; the 

 clinical picture then may be similar to chronic interstitial pneumonia. 

 Sometimes tumors may press upon the heart or upon the larger blood- 

 vessels and may thus bring about congestion in the territory of the 

 jugular vein with hydropic symptoms (see compression of the heart, Vol. 

 I), or there may be compression of a larger bronchus. Very gradually 

 increasing dullness, eventually in combination with bronchial breathing 

 sounds, confined to a certain portion of the thorax, may be observed 

 and may give some information concerning an existing dyspnea. Intra- 

 thoracic tumors in smaller animals may be recognized easily in the 



