Diagnosis. Treatment. 187 



tion disappear. Bocliberg observed the appearance of pustules 

 on the external skin, especially at the angles of the mouth, the 

 external nares and on the nasal mucosa. 



During the height of the disease salivation becomes quite 

 profuse and persists until healing has taken place. The inges- 

 tion of food is more or less interfered with. 



In cattle, vesicles appear on the reddened mucosa, partic- 

 ularly on that of the hard palate and of the inner surfaces of 

 the lips, but without much salivation; they vary in size from 

 a lentil to a half-dollar piece. They are otherwise like those ob- 

 served in horses, and the red erosions seen after rupture of the 

 vesicle heal in one to two days and become covered with new 

 epithelium (Vontobel, Iwersen). Sometimes the animals make 

 smacking noises. 



Diagnosis. In horses, the disease may be confounded with 

 stomatitis pustulosa contagiosa which is, however, character- 

 ized by the simultaneous formation of nodules on the mucosa 

 and tlie integument of the lips and margins of the nares, and 

 by a purulent change of the contents of the vesicles. Neverthe- 

 less, it was proven by the cases reported by Bochberg that the 

 two diseases may present very similar symptoms. In ruminants, 

 the disease may easily be mistaken for foot-and-mouth disease. 

 However, the latter always begins with fever (Iwersen has seen 

 occasionally cases of non-contagious vesicular stomatitis with 

 chills), the vesicles are considerably larger; the patients gen- 

 erally make smacking noises. Appetence is suppressed, the 

 feet and the udder show vesicles and the disease is very con- 

 tagious and can easily be inoculated. A reliable differential 

 diagnosis can only be made after an observation of several days. 



Treatment. Treatment is more strongly indicated than in 

 a mere catarrhal stomatitis, and the drugs used are similar to 

 those in the latter disease. In view of the possil)ility of con- 

 founding the disease with the above mentioned contagious affec- 

 tion, and also in view of the fact that vesicular stomatitis may 

 be contagious, the patients ought to be isolated until complete 

 recovery is established. 



Literature. Bochberg, Z. f. Vk., 1909, 220.— Guittard, Pr. vet., 1891, .383.— 

 Iwersen, B. t. W., 1890, 73.— Michaelis, ibid., 189.5, 17.— Pr. Mil. Vb., 1901, 1903, 

 1905, 1906.— Theiler, D. t. W., 1901, 131.— Vontobel, Schw. A., 1890, XXXII, 130. 



3. Aphthous Inflammation of the Mouth. Stomatitis Aphthosa. 



[Aphtha' sporadiccc, stomatitis aphthosa, stomatitis mycotica, 



fehris aphthosa simplex, stomatitis henigua; stomatite ul- 



cereAise benigne [French] [Cadeac].) 



Aphthous inflammation of the mouth is an independent dis- 

 ease of either infectious or toxic origin, characterized by des- 

 quamated epithelial masses and a fil)rinous exudate formed on 

 a reddened base. 



