196 Phlegmonous Inflammation of the Mouth. 



Martin and Klce claim to have observed the transmission of thrush 

 from sick cattle to chickens and to one turkey. 



Symptoms. The characteristics of thrush are grayish- 

 white or yellowish, later on brownish points, spots or even 

 larger psendomembranes adhering to the underlying tissue, 

 which does, however, not show any signs of inflammation. Dur- 

 ing the course of the disease, the most superficial epithelial 

 layer perishes and the colonies of fungi now are seen on the sur- 

 face. However, this occurrence does not loosen the intimate 

 connection of the fungi with the tissues. Similar psendomem- 

 branes are found in the pharynx and in the crop; when this 

 occurs, the birds are listless and perish in spite of good appe- 

 tite. (See catarrh of the crop.) 



Under the microscope one sees in the scraped off masses, besides desquamated 

 epithelia, some round cells and numerous curved and straight filaments and between 

 the latter spores. 



Diagnosis. Thrush is distinguished from aphthous and 

 other inflammatory forms of stomatitis by the absence of an in- 

 flammatory reaction in the neighborhood of the lesions. It is 

 necessary to demonstrate the typical fungi microscopically be- 

 fore an absolute diagnosis can be made. 



Treatment. The mouth must be kept clean and it may be 

 painted with a 2.5% solution of borax, or, according to Klee, 

 with a solution of bichloride of mercury (1:1000). If the lat- 

 ter solution is employed, great care is required. If the crop 

 is involved, it should be irrigated with a 2% boracic acid solu- 

 tion. (See catarrh of the crop.) 



The places where the fowls are kept should be washed with 

 bisulphate of calcium ; the feeding vessels should be disinfected 

 by scalding. In this manner a spread of the disease may be 

 prevented. 



Literature. Klee, Gefliigelkrkh., 1905, 81.— Martin, M. Jb., 1882-83, 125. — 

 Voigt, Hb., f. p. M., 1903, I, 575 (Lit.).— Zurn, Pfl. Parasiten, 1874, 188; 

 Gefliigelkrkh., 1882, 130. 



5, Phlegmonous Inflammation of the Mouth. Stomatitis phleg- 



monosa. 



{Stomatitis erysipelatosa, S. erosiva.) 



Etiology. After the ingestion of large masses of food con- 

 taminated with rust and other fungi, a severe inflammation of 

 the buccal mucosa is occasionally seen in horses and exception- 

 ally ill sheep, complicated by suppuration and necrosis of the 

 submucous connective tissue. De Hahn & Hoogkammer saw 

 in East Indian horses an inflammation of the skin of the 



