Etiology. Symptoms. 197 



face, complicated with erysipelatous stomatitis, caused by fungi 

 (liypliomycosis destruens equi). (See Vol. I.) Food wliicli 

 contains many caterpillars or tlieir hairs (porthesia chrysor- 

 rhea, bombyx processionalis) may act likewise. Liithens and 

 Koster have shown experimentally that otherwise good food, 

 but mixed with procession caterpillars or their hairs spread on 

 oak leaves, was able to produce a severe stomatitis in horses. 



Irritants, such as lye, acids, carbolic acid, croton oil, and 

 scalding of the mouth, are likewise able to produce severe stom- 

 atitis. Traumatic lesions of the mucosa may give rise to in- 

 flammatory processes of the deeper tissues. 



The disease may appear secondarily after purulent or 

 gangrenous processes of neighboring organs (purulent inflam- 

 mation of the entrance of the esophagus) or in connection with 

 infectious diseases, such as strangles, cattle plague, anthrax, 

 hog cholera, morbus maculosus (purpura hemorrhagica), ma- 

 lignant catarrhal fever, diphtheria of fowl or calves, dog 

 typhus. Erysipelatous inflammation of the tongue forms part 

 of the picture of the disease known as blue-tongue of sheep in 

 South Africa. (See Vol. I.) 



Symptoms. The disease sets in with distinctly inflamma- 

 tory phenomena, great tenderness, intense reddening and swell- 

 ing of the mucosa ; these are generally accompanied by an ele- 

 vation of temperature. The swelling later on increases still 

 more, and external inspection shows particularly swelling of 

 the lips and of the neighboring portions of the cheeks. The 

 swollen lower lip has fallen and a profuse saliva drips in long 

 tlireads from the corners of the mouth. The mucous membrane 

 on the inner side of the lips and cheeks is very tense, bluish-red, 

 and forms thick folds back of the teeth, on the floor of the buccal 

 cavity, but especially on both sides of the lingual ligament. 

 The swelling of the tongue is sometimes so extensive that its 

 tip protrudes between the incisors and the organ shows on its 

 lateral margins the impressions of the molars, and on the tip 

 the impressions of the incisors ; it is, at the same time, tense and 

 hard. 



In the further course, symptoms of pharyngitis make their 

 appearance, and interference with the ingestion of food and 

 water may become complete. The nasal mucosa may also be- 

 come involved and then a mucous yellowish-brown nasal dis- 

 charge appears. The submaxillary and the peripharyngeal 

 IjTuphatics become swollen, hard and painful. 



At this stage, the disease has, in most cases, reached its 

 height and recovery sets in slowly. In the severe cases, how- 

 ever, pale yellowish, mushy deposits and pustules appear on 

 the swollen mucosa up to the size of a pea (observed by 

 Bertsche in sheep) and these again lead to the formation of ir- 

 regular, angry-looking ulcers. Occasionally abscess formation 

 occurs with ichorous, dirty, ill-smelling pus, mixed with frag- 



