204 Anatomical Changes. Symptoms. Diagnosis. 



titis parenclijaiiatosa ) ; at other times it leads to tlie formation 

 of small purulent foci between the lolmles; these may subse- 

 quently become confluent and form larger abscesses (parotitis 

 apostematosa s. abscedens). Chronic inflammation leads to 

 an increase of the interlobular connective tissue, partial atrophy 

 of the lobuli and induration of the whole gland (parotitis chron- 

 ica indurativa). 



Symptoms. Acute inflammation exhibits primarily a dif- 

 fuse or on the contrary a more circumscribed swelling of the 

 parotid region, which may extend into the neighborhood as a 

 collateral edema. The edematous infiltration in the neighbor- 

 hood leads, especially in cattle, to laryngeal stenosis and dis- 

 turbances of deglutition. The gland itself is painful, and as in 

 inflammation of the throat, the head is stretched, or in uni- 

 lateral affections of the gland, held obliquely. The animals 

 chew with care, and they do not ingest large morsels, because 

 every depression of the lower jaw compresses the tender parotid 

 gland. The secretion of saliva is usually increased (Miiller), 

 but it may also remain normal (Friedberger & Frohner). Some- 

 times the disease is preceded by symptoms of stomatitis and 

 pharyngitis, complicated with immobilization of the swollen 

 tongue and intense swelling of the gums (Arucli). 



Purulent inflammation always leads to inflammatory edema 

 of the neighboring connective tissue, consequently the individ- 

 ual lobules cannot be distinguished; the swelling is usually of 

 a high degree and continues down toward the neck and into the 

 larynx. Later on the swollen tissues exhibit fluctuation in one 

 place and pus finally breaks through in one or more places. 



Every form of parotitis generally takes a favorable course. 

 During the course of parenchymatous inflannnation, the swell- 

 ing goes down gradually and disappears rapidly after pus has 

 been discharged spontaneously or evacuated surgically. The 

 wound usually closes rapidly; frequently, however, a salivary 

 fistula remains, which closes up finally under the proper treat- 

 ment. Exceptionally the facial nerve of the same side may be- 

 come paralyzed in consequence of compression by the swollen 

 gland or of an extension of the inflammation along the nerve 

 trunk. 



Epizootic parotitis is accompanied by high fever ; it may be 

 unilateral or bilateral, and never results in suppuration. In 

 cows it is sometimes accompanied by a mild catarrhal mastitis 

 (Bissauge). 



The chronic inflammation presents a firm, tough swelling 

 of the parotid which is not painful. In making a diagnosis it is 

 necessary to exclude swellings of a different nature (true tu- 

 mors, etc.) which may occur in this region. 



Diagnosis. Acute parotitis may be confounded with an in- 

 flammation of the neighboring connective tissue or of the re- 



