Sectiox hi. 

 DISEASES OF THE PHARYNX. 



1. Pharyngitis. 



{Baclienf'ittz^tendmifi, Hcdseufzuendung , Sclilundhopfentzuen- 

 dung, Halshrduue [German]; Angina.) 



As pharyngitis are designated all inflammations, which are 

 partly catarrhal, partly deeper seated and penetrating even 

 into the snbmncons tissne of the pharyngeal mucosa, including 

 the soft palate and the tonsils. Such inflammations produce in 

 man a constricting sensation of the pharynx during deglutition 

 and they are therefore also called angina or synanche. 



Occurrence. Pharyngitis is observed most frequently in 

 horses and hogs, more rarely in cattle and still more rarely 

 in sheep or carnivora. Among the first mentioned animals 

 it occurs quite often enzootically, among the latter more rarely. 

 Angina among chickens has ])een observed by Albrecht. 



Etiology. Of external causes of acute pharyngitis, must 

 be mentioned mechanical injuries by swallowing rough, pointed 

 particles of food or other foreign bodies which penetrate the 

 wall of the pharynx during deglutition or which injure the mu- 

 cosa, and so form a portal of entrance for pyogenic bacteria. 

 Hot feed or hot drinks, acrid, caustic materials may likewise 

 produce an inflammation of the phar^aigeal mucosa. This may 

 also be produced by the inhalation of gases, hot air, or hot 

 smoke during a conflagration. Sometimes gastrophilus larvje 

 produce pharyngitis either by direct mechanical irritation or by 

 forming a portal of entrance for infecting bacteria. (Gastro- 

 philus larvae may also be an accidental finding in pharyngitis, 

 as shown by the observations of Lichmann & Buffington.) 



Colds sometimes play an important role. This is suggested 

 by the frequency of the affection during the cold season when 

 the animals are frequently exposed to the influence of sudden 

 changes of temperature. Pharyngitis may appear, particularly 

 in horses, a few days after exposure of heated animals to cold 

 rain or sharp wind, or when cold air has come directly in con- 

 tact with the pharynx. The ingestion of very cold, hoar-frosted 



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