Symptoms. 209 



The food is masticated slowly and the head and neck are 

 stretched out in swallowing. The animals are sometimes rest- 

 less and dogs and hogs occasionally cry ont. Sometimes food 

 is expelled after repeated unsuccessful attempts at swallow- 

 ing, to be again taken up later. Finally, the animals do not touch 

 their food any more, and rather starve than be again and again 

 exposed to the pain of swallowing. The ingestion of fluid, while 

 easier, also causes pain, so that the patients may even refuse to 

 drink, but only irrigate or wash out their mouth in water that 

 is held before them. The patients sometimes make swallowing 

 movements, probably in consequence of the inflammatory irri- 

 tation and of the masses of mucus which are collecting. Vomit- 

 ing is brought about similarly, particularly in dogs and swine. 



In a large number of cases, however, usually only in horses, 

 ingested water is partly expelled through the nasal cavities 

 (regurgitation). The cause of this symptom lies in the edema- 

 tous infiltration which, in the severer inflammations, develops 

 in the submucous connective tissue of the soft palate, the lower 

 portion of the pharynx and between the muscles of the roof of 

 the tongue. This interferes mechanically with deglutition and 

 with the proper contraction of the muscles. 



Nasal discharge occurs during the acute course of the dis- 

 ease, and the mucous secretions usually mixed with particles of 

 food appear in large amounts at the anterior nares. A low posi- 

 tion of the head in horses sometimes increases the nasal dis- 

 charge. More or less salivation is likewise present. Increased 

 tenderness of the pharynx is manifest in a stiff, stretched posi- 

 tion of the head and, on moving, the animals hold the head and 

 neck in this stiff position. They try to escape palpation and 

 even a careful touching of the region of the larynx excites mani- 

 festations of pain and often leads to a convulsive cough, accom- 

 panied by a peculiar, snorting sound. The pharyngeal region 

 frequently appears swollen, tender and hot. The swelling is 

 particularly noticeable in hogs and the mucosa is purplish. 

 The submaxillary and upper salivary glands are swollen, al- 

 though they may not be palpable, in consequence of edematous 

 infiltration. Sometimes swelling of the salivary glands is no- 

 ticeable. In calves, sheep, dogs, cats and fowls, direct inspec- 

 tion of the pharynx shows the swollen and intensely reddened 

 mucosa, covered w^itli pseudomembranes. These conditions are 

 particularly noticeable on the soft palate and on the pillars of 

 the fauces. The tonsils are likewise swollen and they may have 

 become so much approximated to each other that there is only 

 a slender cleft left between them. The pharyngeal wall is cov- 

 ered with a profuse mucoid, or muco-purulent secretion. 



Cough is present in all cases, either after deglutition or in 

 regular attacks. The animals then cough up a large amount 

 of secretion, which is often mixed with particles of food. 

 Laryngitis, wdiich really is the cause of the cough, may become 

 dangerous in consequence of edema of the epigio-ttis or of the 



