Diagnosis. Treatment. Enzootic Paralysis of llie Pharynx in Cattle. 215 



voided by tlie mouth, or expelled tlirougli the nose. The morsels 

 of food cannot descend into the esophagus, though attempts 

 at deglutition occur accompanied by loud sounds. Sali- 

 vation is always profuse, because the saliva cannot be swal- 

 lowed and hence collects in the buccal cavity. Portions of food 

 or whole mouthfuls may become wedged in the pharynx; parts 

 may get into the larynx and trachea and cause gangrene of the 

 lung. Introducing the hand into the pharynx of larger animals 

 does not produce any contraction of the pharyngeal muscles 

 (Ziirn). Whistling and snorting noises accompany the move- 

 ments of the animals and may even be heard during rest; the 

 disturbances of regurgitation diminish the capacity for work. 



Straub and Friedberger have seen horses unable to swallow water 

 but able to swallow dry food in a perfectly normal manner. In these 

 cases, the causes of which could not be ascertained, the remedy consisted 

 in mixing the dry feed with water so that the system received a sufficient 

 amount of fluid. 



Diagnosis. A careful examination must exclude all other 

 diseases of the pharynx (wedged foreign bodies, tumors, retro- 

 pharyngeal abscess), occlusion or compression. 



Treatment. Paralysis due to local inflammation sometimes 

 subsides without any treatment at all (Dieckerhoff). The 

 animals must, however, in all cases be fed artificially (see page 

 123). Irritant inunctions and nerve tonics by subcutaneous 

 injection are frequently used. Recovery in horses was seen by 

 Bongert after daily injections of 0.05-0.06 gm. strychnia ; Langer, 

 0.03 strychnia; Sonnenberg after one injection of 0.025 gm. 

 arecoline. Sometimes, however, it is necessary to slaughter 

 the animals in order to recover part of their value. 



Literature. Besnoit, Hex. vet., 1903, 10.— Boiigartz, A. f. Tk., 1881, VII, 

 48.5.— Dexler, Nervenkrkh. d. Pferdes, 1899, 30.— Lauger, Z. f. Vk., 1890, 417.— 

 Sonnenberg, B. t. W., 1906, 858.— Straub, Eep., 1858, 26.— Zschokke, Sehw., A., 

 1907, XLIX, 313.— Zurn, D. t. W., 1905, 62. 



Enzootic Paralysis of the Pharynx in Cattle. This name was given 

 by Dieckerhoff to a disease of cattle originally called meningitis boum 

 enzootica by several authors (Vogel, Utz, Mayer, Zipperlen and others). 

 Dieckerhoff believed that the disease is caused by an infectious sub- 

 stance contained in the food, because this assumption would explain its 

 enzootic nature. It is not spread to neighboring farms. The disease 

 has been noticed particularly in Germany, although Andersen and Berg 

 have seen it frequently in Denmark. Its nature and its relation to 

 enzootic cerebrospinal meningitis are not definitely known. 



To this group may also belong an enzootic ] analysis of the pharynx frequently 

 seen in cattle, less frequently in ^sheep ami lioises, and believed to l>e due to the 

 ingestion of food much contaminated with rust fungi (Johne, Herele, Adam, 

 Brandt and others). 



