216 Animal Parasites in the Pharynx. 



Symptoms. Mastication is slow and the mouth can be pried open 

 easily. Soon inability to swallow develops, food is either thrown out of 

 the inouth, or placed beside the molars. From the third day there is 

 inability to swallow water. Salivation is intense. The animals move 

 restlessly on their legs, and weakness of the hind legs develops in two to 

 three days; the animals then lie down continually and turn the head to 

 the side or toward the back. This position of the head may have been 

 noted from the start. Constipation, and tenesmus in defecation and 

 urination are often ol)served. Other symptoms are absent except in the 

 Avorst cases when respiration and pulse l)ecoine accelerated. 



In places where rabies is common, dumb rabies must be excluded, 

 because its symptoms may be absolutely the same as those described. 



The course is unfavorable in complete paralysis of the pharynx. 

 The animals rapidly become emaciated and succumb within three to 

 five days, more rarely within ten to twelve days. Less severe cases and 

 those having lasted longer than five days generally end slowly in 

 recovery. 



The treatment is the same as in other forms of paralysis of the 

 pharynx. Considering the possibility of contagiousness, the barn must 

 be disinfected. 



Literature. Adam, W. f. Tk., 1874, 377; 1876, 362.— Andersen, Maanedsskr., 

 1908, XX (Lit.).— Berg, ibid., 1909, XX (Lit.).— Brandt, W. f. Tk., 1880, 79.— 

 Biirc'hner, ibid., 1905, 23.— Dieckerhoff, Spez. Path., 1892, II, 22.5.— Faiistle, W. 

 f. Tk., 1906, 554.— Herele, ibid., 1874, 377; 1876, 362; 1878, 233.— Schraiiber, 

 ibid., 1906, 386.— Schwarz, ibid., 1876, 373.— Steger, ibid., 1900, 369; 1905, 23. 



3. Animal Parasites in the Pharynx. 



Larvae of gastrophilus (Gastrophilus haemorrhoidalis and G. equi) 

 are found sometimes on the posterior wall of the pharynx of horses, also 

 on the velum, and if present in larger numbers they produce an intense 

 inflannnation of the pharyngeal mucosa ; on penetrating into the larynx 

 they cause sudden attacks of apnea. 



In some wild living animals (roes, deer) larvae of certain flies, 

 pharyngomya, are found in the pharynx and here cause inflammation. 

 They frecjuently get into the larynx, are aspirated into the bronchi and 

 may cause edema of the glottis and purulent bronchitis (Kitt). These 

 larvae can be removed by the hand introduced into the pharynx. Oil is 

 also recommended internally, or removal with a rod supplied with a 

 cotton plug which is saturated with oil or with eucalvptus ointment 

 (1:15). 



Hungarian flies (Simulia columbacsensis), when attacking cattle 

 in larger numbers, are liable to wander through the mouth and nose 

 into the pharynx, w^here they cause a profound inflammation leading to 

 suffocation. 



Horse-leeches (Ha'mopis sanguisuga), in southern countries, some- 

 times get with the drinking water into the pharynx of horses and mules ; 

 more rarely of cattle; they suck the blood from the mucosa and pro- 

 duce inflammation. Their presence is indicated by a considerable hem- 

 orrhage from the mouth or nose. If present in larger numbers, they 

 may lead to profound anemia or even fatal hemorrhage (Baise saw in 

 two cases 185 and 192 leeches). 



Prophylactic measures in southern countries consist in filtration of 

 the drinking water. The treatment of the affected animal consists in 



