Tumors of the Pharynx. 217 



irrigation with solutions containing common salt, vinegar or ammonia 

 or in the inhalation of turpentine vapors. 



Tokishige found filiform worms in the pharynx of a horse dead 

 from pharyngitis, which he thought to be Dispharagus reticulatus. 



4. Tumors of the Pharynx. Tumores intra- et peripharyngeales. 



Occurrence. Tumors of the pharynx and its neighborhood 

 are rare in domestic animals. Least frequently seen are such 

 true neoplasms as papilloma, sarcoma, carcinoma, lipoma, also 

 retention cysts; connective tissue hypertrophy of the mucosa 

 of the pharynx is seen after an acute pharyngitis (Wetzl). 

 Actinomycomata or tuberculous growths are seen more com- 

 monly in cattle. 



According to Zimmer's statistics seventy-three cases of tumors of the pharynx 

 in cattle were divided as follows: Fifty-four cases of actinomycosis, five cases of 

 tuberculous growths, seven cases of dermoid cysts, four eases of fibroma, two cases 

 of colloid cysts, one case of melanoma. Out of 4,708 cases of profound tuberculosis 

 Easmussen found retropharyngeal lymph glands in a condition of tuberculous 

 degeneration in 3,245 eases (68.937r); the gland below the parotid in 228 cases 

 (4.84%); and the tonsils only in fifty-two cases (1.1%). 



As has been shown by the fundamental work of Morkeberg, acti- 

 nomycosis usually develops in the upper, posterior parts, more rarely 

 in the lateral walls of the pharynx, that is either in its mucosa or in the 

 neighboring tissues. These actinomycotic masses then show a tendency 

 to project polyplike into the pharynx. Tuberculous tumors, on the con- 

 trary, arise outside of the pharynx and only make its wall protrude in 

 a tumorlike manner. The root of the tongue is usually the seat of 

 retention cysts, also the anterior surface of the epiglottis or a place be- 

 tween the latter and the root of the tongue. True tumors usually arise 

 in the upper posterior portion of the pharynx. 



Intrapharyngeal tumors usually become pediculated in consequence 

 of traction made in deglutition. 



Symptoms. The sessile tumors produce increasing diffi- 

 culty in swallowing, but without pain; later dyspnea and rat- 

 tling, whisthng and snorting noises are heard, when the tumor 

 encroaches upon the posterior nares and the larynx. Difficulty 

 in deglutition and respiration is increased when the head is bent 

 forward or sideways. Stenosis of the posterior nares causes 

 labial breathing in all animals (bulging of the cheeks during 

 expiration) which disappears when the mouth is opened. 



Smaller, pediculated tumors cause difficulty in deglutition 

 or respiration as well as rattling sounds only occasionally, 

 namely, when they become displaced into the pharynx, larynx 

 or towards the choanse, in deglutition, strong inspiration and 

 in certain positions of the head, until they are again expelled 

 by a strong expiration or a movement of the head. It may, 

 however, occur occasionally that such an attack brings about 

 suffocation of the animal. As the tumor grows the attacks 



