244 Animal Parasites in the Crop. 



(licated. If the crop has become Jiard or if the massage has 

 been unsuccessful, an incision into the crop must be performed. 



Incision into the crop is comparatively simple and without danger except in 

 pigeons. The feathers are removed with scissors in a region about two fingers 

 wide and one finger long. Then one makes a pointed incision iu the middle of the 

 crop and prolongs the wound parallel with the long axis of the neck from 1 to 

 1% cm. If the contents of the crop consist of small pieces they can now be removed 

 by kneading; if larger leaves are present they can be removed by the aid of 

 a pair of forceps. The wound is then irrigated and sutured. It usually heals 

 rapidly and the stitches can be removed in five to seven days. On the first day 

 after the operation the animal must not receive anything except stale white bread 

 soaked in claret; after thirty-six hours abundant water, but only a small amount 

 of soft food. 



Literature. Dupont, Diet., 1874, X, 223.— Klee, Gefliigelkrkh., 1905, 78.— 

 Railliet & Lucet, Rec, 1890.— Eichter, Dresd., Ber., 1908, 254.— Zietschmann, S. B., 

 1903, 264.— Ziirn, Gefliigelkrkh., 1882, 173. 



(c) Animal Parasites in the Crop. 



Several species of thread worms occur in the esophagus, crop and 

 stomach of fowls ; some of these may cause catarrh of the crop and 

 luimerous cases of death. In the crop and stomach of chickens are 

 sometimes found many individuals of Dispharagus nasutus (Filaria 

 nasuta) D. spiralis and D. laticeps. In spite of good appe- 

 tite, the infested animals liecome much emaciated and tinally die. 

 Trichosoma contortum living in the crop of ducks and geese, produces 

 a severe catarrh and subsequent dilatation of the crop (Railliet & Lucet), 

 also frequently rapid emaciation, drowsiness, sometimes epileptiform 

 convulsions ; after five to ten days, symptoms of obstruction of the crop 

 and of catarrh follow. In order to make a diagnosis, the procedure 

 consists in irrigation of the crop and macroscopic and microscopic exam- 

 ination of the material which is washed out. 



Treatment is not successful. Animals may be protected prophylac- 

 tically by keeping them away from contaminated water. 



Literature. Klee, Gefliigelkrkh., 1905, 80.— Railliet & Lucet, Eec, 1890, 13. 



