Atony of the Fore-stomachs. 265 



may bring about recovery; this procedure should particularly 

 be considered in the periodic tympanitis of calves. 



Literature. Ade, M. t. W., 1909, 62.— Albreeht, W. f. Tk., 1890, 149.— Eber, 

 Z. f. Tm., 1906, X, 321.— Erdmann, A. f. Tk., 1875, 1, 289.— Faber, D., 1908, 330.— 

 Imminger, W. f. Tk., 1906, 4.— Johne, S. B., 1881, 24; 1886, 56.— Limgwitz, A. f. 

 Tk., 1893, XIX, 75.— Peschel, S. B., 1884, 98.— Weber, D. t. W., 1909, 347 (Lit.). 

 (See also literature on the primary underlying diseases.) 



(d) Atony of the Fore-stomachs. Atonia ruminis, reticuli et omasi. 



{Chronische UnverdaiiUchkeit, Chronische Indigestion, Chron- 

 iscJie Dyspepsie, Chroulscher Magendarmkatarrh des Rindes 

 [Friedberger & Prohner] ; Pansenldhmung [Dieckerhoff] ; 

 Ermiidung [Parese^ des Verdaungskanals [Putz] ; Loserver- 

 stopfung, Sporadische Loserdiirre, Chronische Entsilndung 

 des Losers [Anacker] [German] ; Indigestion chronique des 

 rnminants, Ohstruction ou Engouement ou Indigestion du 

 feuillet, Omasite ou Gastrite chronique, Meteorisation chro- 

 nique [French].) 



Atony of the fore-stomachs consists in a slowly developing 

 weakness of contractions of these organs, depending upon a 

 diminution of irritability and energy of contraction. The re- 

 moval of the normal or even subnormal amount of food be- 

 comes more or less retarded and digestion disturbed. 



Occurrence. The disease is most commonly observed in 

 cattle, somewhat less frequently in goats, occasionally in sheep. 

 The frequency of its occurrence depends upon the prevailing 

 conditions of feeding. The disease is frequently met among 

 animals of poor people, in the neighborhood of larger cities, or 

 in such parts where milch cows and cattle in general are fed 

 permanently with various substitutes for natural feed or with 

 relaxing or, on the contrary, mth irritating feed. Most cases 

 occur during the colder season, especially in spring, because 

 then an irrational method of feeding is mostly resorted to. Dur- 

 ing certain seasons or in districts with poor crops the disease 

 is particularly common. Finally, the disease is seen in some 

 parts in very young calves if, after being fed with milk, they 

 are given substitutes or other improper food. 



Etiology. As a primary acute affection we find atony of 

 the muscularis of the first three segments of the stomach after 

 a sudden change of food (after change of owner), as a conse- 

 quence of overexertion during long transit, or after difficult par- 

 turition. To this class also belongs the affection described by 

 Janssen as chronic gastric catarrh of cows after parturition, 

 which attacks particularly good milch cows. An insufficient 



