288 Acute Catarrli of the Stouiacli. 



entire suppression. The animals approach the feed oifered 

 ^vitho^t appetite, they eat little and slowly, soon stop or tliey 

 refuse the ingestion of food entirely. Sometimes the animal 

 greedily licks unpalatable, undigestible, bitter, repulsive mate- 

 rials, or they accept only certain kinds of food. Frequently 

 the appetite is changeable; some meals are taken in a normal 

 manner, then again there is an entire absence of appetite. 

 Thirst is either diminished, or on the contrary increased, par- 

 ticularly if vomiting exists; some animals take only fresh cool 

 water, others again stale water or water contaminated by 

 manure. 



Another common symptom is dullness of the sensorium. 

 The animals are indifferent to their surroundings, are feeble, 

 apathic, stand or lie quietly in one place, do not like to move 

 and rapidly tire at work. 



The temperature is either quite normal, or perhaps there is 

 a very insignificant elevation; the surface heat is distributed 

 unequally. Cases which set in with high fever are rare, and 

 even in these the fever subsides rapidly provided there are no 

 complications. 



The other s^aiiptoms vary more or less according to the 

 various species of animals. 



In the horse one frequently observes gaping, the animals 

 lick iron and other cool objects and nibble on the walls. (These 

 abnormal desires are probably due to abnormal stimuli upon 

 the terminal nerve fibers of the pneumogastric nerve.) There 

 is occasionally belching or even vomiting, especially if the feed 

 had contained intensely irritating substances ; such rare symp- 

 toms are however commonly seen more in dilatation or grave in- 

 flammation of the stomach. 



Mucus and saliva collect abundantly in the buccal cavity 

 forming a sticky, tenacious deposit upon the mucosa and there 

 may even be symptoms of stomatitis with furred tongue and 

 fetid breath. 



In consequence of the diminished ingestion of food, and also 

 from reflex effects, the intestinal movements are retarded. The 

 abdomen becomes somewhat extended, intestinal sounds become 

 less frequent, defecation is retarded, the feces often are dis- 

 charged as small dry balls covered with a shiny coating and 

 they contain undigested food particles. The amount of urine is, 

 as a rule, diminished. 



Since catarrh often extends to the duodenum there is fre- 

 quently an icteric discoloration of the mucosae. 



Cattle appear markedly feeble ; they stand with their backs 

 curved, draw back from the crib, the skin is coarse, the ears 

 are dropped and exceptionally they present the symptoms of 

 dull abdominal pain. Detroye states that in exceptional cases 

 there are signs of agitation. The muzzle appears moist, but if 

 rubbed dry it takes a longer time until it becomes again covered 



