292 Chronic Gastric Catarrh. 



with hydrochloric acid (U.1-0.5 giii. in water) ; also the various 

 bitter tinctures (Tr. rhei vinosa et aquaiosa, — tinct. gentiana?, 

 tinct. chinge composit., tinct. amara, vinum chinas, vinum con- 

 durango 5-15.0 gm.). Orexinum tannicum may be given as an 

 appetizer for dogs in doses of 0.1-0.4 gm. in broth. 



Literature. Berner, D. t. W., 1894, 140.— Dieckerhoff, Spez. Path., 1892, II, 

 464.— Eber, Z. f. Tm., 1906, X, 321.— Ellenberger & Hofnieister, A. f. Tk., 1888, 

 XIV, 55.— Harms, Einderkrkli., 1890, 56, 65.— Hiibner, S. B., 1888, 65.— Iniminger, 

 W. f. Tk., 1907, 1.— Jaeob, W. f. Tk., 1908, 105, 107.— Leisering, S. B., 1876, 

 78.— Moiissu, Maladies du betail, 1906, 229.— Sehlampp, Ther. Teelmik, 1907, 86. 



4. Chronic Gastric Catarrh. Catarrhus ventriculi chronicus. 



(Gastritis catarrhalis chronica.) 



Etiology. The various detrimental factors which cause 

 acute gastric catarrh (see page 285) also play a role in the pro- 

 duction of chronic gastric catarrh, if they act over longer pe- 

 riods, or if acute catarrh recurs frequently in short intervals. It 

 is therefore not necessary to refer again to the causes and it may 

 be sufficient to point out, that the majority of cases of chronic 

 gastric catarrh stand in close causative connection to the inges- 

 tion of spoiled feed, to mastication interfered with by diseases 

 of the mouth and teeth, or to excessive overwork. 



Further causes are foods which produce a relaxation of the 

 gastric wall with subsequent dilatation, so that the feed is mixed 

 less intimately with the gastric juices, and this again leads to 

 the formation of fermentation products which irritate the 

 mucosa. Such food stuffs are withered or frozen green feed or 

 bulbous plants, very dry bran or meal, warm distillers' mash 

 (alcohol here also is a causative factor of catarrhal conditions), 

 if these are given with little straw or hay, also germinated 

 heads of rye. 



The ingestion of sand with food or water causes a chronic gastro- 

 intestinal catarrh in horses, as is frequently seen on the Kirgisian 

 pastures in Siberia; the Kirgisians call this disease "Kum-Gata" (sand- 

 disease). Sand-disease in buffaloes and cattle has previously been men- 

 tioned on page 276 (Marcone, Miiller, Prietsch). 



Every congestion of the portal system, no matter to what 

 disease it may be due (diseases of the liver, lungs, heart), 

 extends into the gastric mucosa. Chronic passive congestion of 

 the gastric mucosa leads to a condition which is identical with 

 chronic catarrh. (What Graf described as an edema of the 

 abomasum and some of the cases reported by Harms as chronic 

 gastro-intestinal catarrh of cattle were very probably nothing 

 else but an enteritis paratuberculosa or Johne's disease.) 



In horses chronic gastric catarrh is sometimes due to 

 the swallowing of air, causing dilatation and diminished 

 contractibility. 



