314 Ulcer of the Stouiaeh. 



Needles or nails which perforate the wall of the stomach partially 

 or completely have repeatedly been seen in geese (Johne). 



Literature. Barer, \V. t. Tk., 1906, 565.— Eberbach, D. t. W., 1.S99, 251.— 

 Ehrle, W. f. Tk., 190H, 863.— Gnuidniami, Pr. Mil. Vb., 1901, 135.— Johne, S. B., 

 1886, 31.— Moebius, 8. B., 1882, 85.— Murray, Eec, 1850, 264.— Sauter, B. Mt., 

 1884, 145.— Schmidt, Drosd. Ber., 1908, 193*.— .Seres, Eev. gen., 1903, I, 140.— 

 Volker, Pr. Mil. Vb., 1901, 135. 



8. Ulcer of the Stomach. Ulcus ventriculi. 



Occurrence. Uleer of the stomach is rare m domestic ani- 

 mals; it is seen most frequently in the abomasmn of calves (Os- 

 tertag, Kitt, Rasmussen), very rarely in the stomach of adult 

 cattle (Kolb, Zippelins, Moussn, Gottes winter, Kitt, Joest) also 

 in the stomach of dogs (Johne, Frohner, Groll), swdne (Eisen- 

 mann) and horses (Miinich, Jagnow^ Roloff, Steinhard, Mou«su, 

 Hogard). Nagel found a round gastric nicer in a hare. 



Etiology. Anything that may produce circumscribed necro- 

 sis of the deeper layers of the gastric mucosa may also produce 

 gastric ulcer. The necrotic tissue is digested by the gastric 

 juice and in its place a deep loss of substance remains for some 

 time. This may easily occur in deeply penetrating inflamma- 

 tions or hemorrhages into the mucosa, in poisoning by caustic 

 substances, in tlie course of hog cholera, of chronic hog erysip- 

 elas, in tuberculosis of the stomach, malignant catarrhal fever, 

 purpura hemorrhagica or profound gastric catarrh. Moussu 

 and Hogard saw^ gastric ulcers in horses which had been fed wdtli 

 malt mash. Ostertag and Kitt think that in calves gastric ulcer 

 is due to catarrh of the mucosa of the abomasum. A dull force 

 applied to the abdomen may produce gastric ulcers, because such 

 force easily leads to hemorrhage into the gastric mucosa (Johne 

 holds that this is the cause of gastric ulcers in calves). Injury 

 to tlie gastric mucosa by gastrophilus larvae, foreign bodies or 

 partial rupture of the stomach Avail are likemse productive of 

 gastric ulcer. 



A second type of gastric ulcer is formed without preceding 

 disease of the mucosa. The ulcers then are funnel shaped with 

 the narrow end directed tow^ards the serous coat. The loss of 

 substance, wdiich is equivalent to a territory supplied by one 

 small blood vessel, suggests that the ulcer has been caused by a 

 thrombotic or embolic closure of a small terminal vessel. Such 

 gastric ulcers are found after extensive burns of the integument 

 and in cats in trichinosis (Lebert, Wyss), which furnish the 

 conditions favorable to the formation of emboli. In a cow suffer- 

 ing from lymphosarcomatosis of the abomasum, Joest found mul- 

 tiple peptic ulcers, probably caused by disturbances of circula- 

 tion in the gastric mucosa. Whether an excess of hydrochloric 

 acid of the gastric juice may produce ulcer of the stomach in 



