Diagnosis. Treatment, Torsion of the Stomach. 317 



part of the mucosa and on account of the impediment to the 

 proper movements of the organ. Disturbances of digestion are, 

 therefore, observed, which, however, have nothing character- 

 istic, but are identical with those seen in chronic gastric catarrh 

 or in atony of the fore-stomachs. In horses symptoms of colic 

 are also seen occasionally after the ingestion of food ; further, 

 dizziness and vomiting ; in cattle chronic bloating, frequent belch- 

 ing, vomiting; in dogs enlargement of the circumference of the 

 abdomen, vomiting, icterus. The animals become more and 

 more emaciated, cachexia sets in and they finally die after com- 

 plete exhaustion. Exceptionally a disintegrating neoplasm may 

 lead to perforation of the stomach wall or to internal hem- 

 orrhage (Menges) in consequence of the erosion of a larger 

 blood vessel. 



Diagnosis. It is very difficult to diagnosticate a tumor of 

 the stomach ; in large animals it is almost impossible to be at 

 all certain, but in carnivora tumors of the stomach, particularly 

 in the region of the esophagiis, may sometimes be mapped out 

 by palpation. In a case of Hartmann the clinical picture of a 

 carcinoma of the stomach was very much like that of stenosis of 

 the esophagus. 



Treatment. Only in carnivora is there any hope of recov- 

 ery ff the operative removal of the tumor can be carried out suc- 

 cessfully. Parascandolo performed gastrectomy in a dog with 

 good success. 



Literature. Ball, J. vet., 1906, 709.— Cad^ae, Eev. vet., 188.5, 434.— Dar- 

 magnac, Eev. gen., 1905, V, 609.— Eberlein, Monh., 1897, VTT, 289.— Hartmann, 

 Z, f. Vk., 1905, 157.— Joest, Dresd. Ber., 1907, 169.— Menges, Vet. Jhb., 1885, 87.— 

 Messner, D. t. W., 1909, 19.— Parascandolo, W. f. Tk., 1901, 45.— Petit & Fayet, 

 Bull., 1902, 648.— Savary, Eev. vet., 1903, 177.— Utz, B. Mt., 1889, 110.— Zietfech- 

 mann, S. B., 1908, 73. 



10. Torsion of the Stomach. Torsio ventriculi. 



(Volvulus venfricuVf.) 



In dogs a change of position of the stomach is observed oc- 

 casionally, so that the organ with the pylorus turns around the 

 cardia from right to left, consequently the larger curvature is 

 to the right and the pylorus tow^ards the region of the left lower 

 ribs. Exceptionally there occurs torsion of the abomasum in 

 cattle. 



Occurrence. From observations made, it appears that tor- 

 sion of the stomach in dogs is not a very rare occurrence. Kitt 

 was the first to describe two cases, later on the disease has been 

 observed more frequently by Cadeac in Lyons, Jensen in Copen- 

 hagen, Johne in Dresden. Single cases have also been reported 

 by Wallmann, Poeanaru & Slavu, Rehaber, Billinghurst and 



