320 Torsion of the Stomach. 



In the case of Carougeau & Prestat, the previously healthy calf 

 stopped sucking, protruded its tongue, did not lie down, defecated less 

 frequently, colicky pains and constipation soon came on. After the 

 administration of milk the restlessness increased. The next day weak- 

 ness was already well marked and pressure upon the abdomen elicited 

 splashing sounds. After a day and a half the calf died. 



Diagnosis. The clinical picture in the dog is characteristic 

 enough to enable us to make a diagnosis ; an exploratory punc- 

 ture may however become advisable. In oljstruction of the 

 esophagus there are no abdominal pains nor bloating. In dis- 

 placements of the intestines there occurs true vomiting, bloating 

 of the abdomen is absent or quite insignificant. In the course of 

 general acute peritonitis vomiting is frequent, fluids poured 

 into the mouth get into the stomach, bloating is not very marked 

 and there is fever from the start. 



Treatment. In cases which are not yet far advanced opera- 

 tive interference may bring relief. To diminish the tension of 

 the abdomen and to relieve the lungs it is necessary slowly to 

 remove the gases from the stomach by puncture. Then the 

 abdominal cavity is opened and the collapsed stomach replaced 

 in its original position. This is done with the fingers introduced 

 between the stomach and liver, which then grasp the pylorus 

 and the duodenum and twist them back to their normal place. 

 (In a case not completely elucidated Cadeac brought about 

 recovery by a laparotomy.) 



Literature. Bonvicini, Nuov. Ere, 1900, 290.— Cadeac, J. vet., 1895, 513, 

 1906, 16.— Carougeau & Prestat, J. vet., 1898, 340.— Jensen, Maanedsskr., 1899, X, 

 70.— Johne, S. B., 1902, 217.— Kitt, Monh., 1895, VT. 20.— Poeanaru & Slavu, Arh. 

 vet., 1906, 185.— Behaber, W. f. Tk., 1907, 681.— Walhnann, B. t. W., 1897, 38. 



Other Changes of Position of the Stomach. In dogs, the stomach 

 sometimes slips through an opening in the diaphragm into the thoracic 

 cavity (Fiinfstiick, Johne, authors' observation) ; a case of Baerner 

 shows that the horse's stomach may also exceptionally get into the tho- 

 racic cavity. In ruminants, the reticulum and occasionally the omasum 

 may enter the thoracic cavity through an opening of the diaphragm. A 

 prolapse of the stomach in a hog, which appeared to be healthy during 

 life, was found by Fritz. 



An auto-invagination of the stomach w^as reported by Adam, invag- 

 ination of the stomach into the duodenum by Spencer. 



If strangulation of the prolapsed stomach takes place, the animals 

 which have already suffered from difficult respiration succumb in a short 

 time to suffocation. In the case of Baerner a roaring horse with a par- 

 tially prolapsed non-incarcerated stomach had occasional attacks of 

 colic. In ruminants, prolapse of the fore-stomachs causes chronic bloat- 

 ing, possibly also compression of the heart. 



Literature. Adam, W. f. Tk., 1866, 63.— Earner, Z. f. Thl., 1899, III, 333.— 

 Fritz, St-hw., A. 1904, XLVI, 106, 164. — Fiinf stuck, S. B., 1878, 106.— Spencer, J. 

 of comp. Path., 1890, 45. 



