Treatment. Acute Gastro-Iutestinal Catarrh in Young Animals. 333 



111 catarrh of the rectum, particularly in carnivora, the in- 

 ternal treatment indicated should be combined with rectal infec- 

 tions with disinfectants and astringent drugs ^ (argentum 

 nitricum 1-5:1000, alum, tannic acid, sulphate of iron in 1 to 

 2% solutions, also starch in water, perhaps with some tincture 

 of opium, or with the use of suppositories. 



Rectal injections are given with a thick-walled rubber tuhe, connected with a 

 funnel or an rrigator. The fluid should be lukewarm and it should be introduced 

 under a low pressure so that the intestine is not made to contmct. In this manner 

 arge amounts of tiuid may be introduced into the rectum. Before giving an in- 

 jection, the feces should be removed if possible. In fowls a syringe with a dull 

 nozzle may be used. 



Moderate and even heat is also beneficial and reduces the 

 peristaltic movements and in this manner acts against abdom- 

 inal pain Hence warm fomentations on the abdominal wall are 

 indicated; also warm infusions given internally. Fowls are 

 often influenced very favorably by hot sand baths (bO-7U C.) 



(Klee). . . 1 ^. 



To counteract the severe weakness which often comes on in 

 young animals rubbing, warm packs, sul)cutaneous injections ot 

 caffeine and camphor are beneficial. Most reliable, however tor 

 this purpose is the intravenous, subcutaneous or intrarectal in- 

 jection of physiologic salt solution. This latter is best brought 

 to body temperature, after having previously been sterilized, 

 and is "injected with aseptic precautions under the skm or into 

 a vein. If injected in this manner, one might also add to the 

 solution 2 to 3% of grape sugar. The intravenous or subcu- 

 taneous dose for large animals is 4-5 quarts, 2 quarts for me- 

 dium-sized animals, 1/4-1/2-1 qnart for smaller animals. 



Literature. Aronsohn, B. t. W., 1898, 110.— Braun, Kaninchenkrkh., 1907, 25.--. 

 Esser A f Tk , 1901, XXVII, 306.— Gottschalk, D. t. W., 1909, 497.— Haag, W f. 

 Tk 1907, 906.— Hentrich, Z. f. Vk., 1905, 59.— Klee, Geililgelkrkh., 190o, oO — 

 Vet Jhb 1906, 350.— Kramell, Z. f. Vk., 1899, 319.— Muller, Kim Unters, uber 

 Wei-'t und Wirkung des Kalomels. Diss. Giessen, 1908.— Schlampp, Therap. Technik, 

 1907, II, 1. Halfte.— Uebele, Therap. Handlexikon, 1910. 



14. Acute Gastro-Intestinal Catarrh in Young Animals. 



Occurrence. The disease occurs most frequently in calves 

 and lambs, more rarely in foals and still less frequently in other 

 domestic animals. 



Etiology. The gastro-intestinal organs of young, particu- 

 larly of sucking animals, are very sensitive and become affected 

 even after slight errors in diet. Saliva is secreted only to a 

 small extent; the epithelial covering of the gastro-intestinal 

 tract is tender and very sensitive, the muscularis is unable to 

 make any greater efforts ; the basal cells of the gastric glands 

 are poorly developed, the gastric juice contains comparatively 

 little pepsin, while the pancreas does not secrete any amylolytic 



