350 Inflaiimiatioii of the Stcmacli and Inteslines. 



Piorkowski and Jess have observed an enzootic enteritis on 

 two large farms, which was dne to a bacilhis coli, and which 

 led to perforation of the intestinal wall. Mohler and Buckley 

 observed an epizootic among cows of one barn and were able to 

 isolate a bacillus of the enteritidis group. Glaesser claims that 

 the bacillus suij^estifer alone may cause spontaneous epizootics 

 of inflammation of the rectum in young pigs, with infiltration of 

 the rectal mucosa, and with the formation of diphtheritic or 

 caseous, non-concentric sedimented plates, which upon shedding 

 leave ulcers and cicatrices ; these are complicated with caseous 

 degeneration of intestinal glands and caseous pneumonia. Simi- 

 lar morbid changes have been described as due to the bacillus 

 paratyphi suis. Kitt observed in a calf, morbid changes of the 

 intestines similar to those found in hog cholera, namely liand- 

 like prominent diphtheritic pseudomembranes, concentrically 

 arranged and button-like formations. 



The authors have repeatedly seen in dogs of all ages sporadic cases 

 of hemorrhagic-gastroenteritis Avhich, both clinically and anatomically, 

 were similar to the disease known as dog typhoid ("Stuttgarter Hun- 

 deseuclie") ; when the disease had lasted several days it even led to a 

 superficial loss of substance in the mucosa of the cheeks. (For details, 

 see Vol. I.) 



Chausse saw a peculiar form of hemorrhagic gastro-enteritis affecting 

 several animals in a large herd. It showed the usual symptoms of 

 gastro-enteritis, bloody feces mixed with blood coagula and an anemic 

 discoloration of the visible mucous membranes. Except in one case, all 

 of the animals died, either after two to five days, or more frequently 

 after one to two weeks, after there had been some apparent improve- 

 ment. 



Post-mortem examination showed the changes of hemorrhagic en- 

 teritis with intestinal ulcers, and profuse hemorrhages into the intestinal 

 wall, extending into the peritoneum. The intestinal loops were matted 

 together by blood. The mesentery and the pararenal adipose tissue 

 showed gelatinous infiltration and the kidneys sometimes large hema- 

 tomata. 



Intestinal bacteria may occasionally become pathogenic for 

 unknown reasons. In the large intestines of the hog a croupous 

 diphtheritic inflammation in the form of irregular patches is 

 found independently of hog cholera, which is due to the bacillus 

 necrophorus. Kitt saw a similar diphtheritic inflammation in 

 the small intestines of horses, which was caused likewise by the 

 same l^acillus. Bang and Berg found the identical microorgan- 

 ism as the cause of an enzootic enteritis of calves. Injury or 

 loss of substance of the gastric or intestinal mucosa, due to 

 foreign bodies, intestinal parasites or to an accumulation of the 

 gastro-intestinal contents, or catarrhal affections may enable 

 intestinal bacteria to display a pathogenic effect. Croupous- 

 diphtheritic inflammation of the large intestines has been ob- 

 served by the authors following grave phlegmonous or diphther- 

 itic pharyngitis. Keilgaard saw the same affection following 



