Diagnosis. Treatment. 355 



disturbances have for some time preceded the onset of grave 

 enteric symptoms. 



Frohner gives tlie following differential diagnosis of disturbances 

 due to various fungi : 



1. Moulds ("Schimmelpilze, " German). Lack of appetite, colic, 

 constipation, diarrhea with bloody, slimy, occasionally very fetid feces, 

 polyuria, dizziness, stupor, sleepy staggers, paralysis of the extremities 

 and the tongue, amaurosis, profuse perspiration. 



2. Blight-fungi (Ustilagin^, "Brandpilze," German). Saliva- 

 tion, continued masticatory motions, tottering, staggering, general motor 

 and sensory paralysis ; in other cases, symptoms of gastritis. 



3. Rust-fungi (tFredinje, "Rostpilze," German). Dermatitis on 

 the head (lips, cheeks, eyelids), conjunctivitis, urticaria, stomatitis, 

 pharyngitis, glossitis, colic, bloody diarrhea, hematuria, paralysis, som- 

 nolence. 



4. Yeasts (Saccharomyces, "Hefepilze," German). Intense cere- 

 bral excitement, followed by stupor and paralysis. 



Treatment. If gastro-enteritis is due to the ingestion of 

 spoiled feed, the early removal of the gastro-intestinal contents 

 is the first indication. Emetics by the mouth or by subcutaneous 

 injection may be used in hogs and in carnivora ; but much better 

 is lavage of the stomach (see page 306) ; in other animals efforts 

 must be confined to the administration of mild laxatives such as 

 castor oil, salts, calomel; (see page 331). Subcutaneous injec- 

 tions of drugs stimulating peristalsis, (eserine, arecoline, etc.) 

 are less advisable, although they may be indicated in such cases 

 where abdominal pains are absent. If there is reason to accuse 

 noxious microorganisms introduced with the feed as the cause 

 of the disturbance, one should attempt to prevent their multi- 

 plication in the intestinal tract by the administration of disin- 

 fectants such as resorcin, naphthalin, creolin, salicylic acid (see 

 page 332). However, a good effect from these drugs can be ex- 

 pected only in gastritis, because they cannot accomplish much 

 in the intestinal tract, and they may occasionally do more harm 

 than good. Mucilaginous drugs and astringents (see page 332) 

 may likewise be used advantageously. In hemorrhagic gastro- 

 enteritis adrenalin or suprarenin in 0.1 % solution, thirty drops 

 every three hours for dogs (Uebele) are indicated as styptics. 

 In cases of poisoning antidotes have to be administered; how- 

 ever, even in such cases washing out of the stomach and the 

 administration of mild laxatives must be practiced. 



If abdominal pains are severe they must be alleviated by 

 opium or morphine (see page 332) ; prostration and stupor 

 should be treated by cold douches and friction ; however, douches 

 must not be employed if the temperature is subnormal, when 

 warm packs are indicated. A weak pulse calls for the adminis- 

 tration of stimulants such as wine, whiskey, black coffee, tea in- 

 ternally; ether, oil of camphor, caffeine subcutaneously — in 

 weakness and collapse. The infusion of warm physiologic salt 

 solution into a vein or under the skin may be very beneficial, 

 particularly if some adrenalin, suprarenin, or grape sugar has 



