Diagnosis. Treatment. Impaction in the Intestines of the Hog. 377 



The affection ends fatally only in the very gravest cases, 

 otherwise it usually leads to recovery within one week. 



Diagnosis. Displacements of the intestines can be distin- 

 guished from impaction by the severe symptoms of colic and 

 by a rapid deterioration. Stenosis of the intestines can often be 

 differentiated only by rectal exploration. 



Treatment. Injections of large quantities of water and tlie 

 administration of neutral salts (500-1000 gm. for cattle, 50-100 

 gm. for goats) are indicated; also aloes (40-60 gm. for cattle, 

 10-20.0 gm. for goats) ; tartar emetic (10-20.0 gin. for cattle, 

 0.2-2.0 for goats) alone or in combination with salts (tartar stib. 

 15.0 gm. sod. sulph. and magn. sulph. aa. 500 gm., given in 

 three doses during one day for cattle). Eserine, eseridine, pilo- 

 carpine or arecoline may likewise be indicated (see page 254). 



The diet should be made up of potatoes, beets, bran or flour 

 soups, green feed, leaves of beets. 



Literature. Dieckerhoff, Spez. Pathol., 1892, II, 450.— Eber, S. B., 1896, 30.— 

 Mathis, J. vet., 1897, 459.— Eobert, S. B., 1893, 120.— Rychner, Bujatrik, 1841, 113. 



(d) Impaction in the Intestines of the Hog. 



Etiology. Hogs develop impaction of the bowel in conse- 

 quence of exclusive dry feeding with grains or after ingesting 

 short cut chaff, or after the ingestion of much sand if the latter 

 has not caused enteritis. Sometimes continued stabling causes 

 the affection. 



Secondary impaction is frequently seen after chronic hog 

 cholera or chronic tuberculosis, or after stenosis, due to a slowly 

 progressing enteritis. 



Symptoms. One observes diminished appetite, increased 

 thirst, frequent grunting and efforts at defecation. In the be- 

 ginning the animals are still able to press out some lumps of 

 fecal matter, later on the constipation becomes complete. On 

 palpation of the abdomen of not too fat hogs, one can feel large 

 intestines filled with desiccated feces; occasionally one can de- 

 tect adhesions of loops of intestines. Oppenheim saw in a hog 

 with a high degree of impaction, retention of the urine, due 

 to compression of the neck of the bladder. 



Grave cases end fatally in consequence of enteritis. 



Treatment. Abundant injections of water (2-4 qts.), man- 

 ual or instrumental removal of the fecal masses accumulated in 

 the rectum, followed by the use of laxatives, usually relieve the 

 obstipation. Neutral salts (20-50.0 gm.) are best added to the 

 drinking water or powdered upon the tongue of the animal. 

 Since constant squealing of the hogs during the administration 

 of the laxatives may give rise to aspiration into the lungs, other 



