388 Narrowing of the Intestine, 



(sliort-ciit chaff, l)uckwlieat straw). Ligation of the prohipsed 

 rectum often causes stenosis in liogs (Johne). 



Chronic peritonitis which produces newly formed and sub- 

 sequently shrinking cicatricial connective tissue on the serosa 

 of portions of the intestines, may cause stenosis of the intes- 

 tines of variable extent. (Ross, Ziirn, Dignac, v. Oav., authors' 

 observation.) Intestinal stenosis is frequently produced in 

 chronic adhesive peritonitis, in consequence of kinking in loops 

 of intestines which have become adherent to the abdominal wall 

 or to neighboring organs, because the two branches of the ad- 

 herent loop pull upon the place of attachment by their own 

 weight. (Averous, authors' observation.) Sometimes localized 

 subacute peritonitis may produce intestinal stenosis in this 

 manner, as has been seen in the horse (authors' observation). 



Neoplasms in the intestinal wall are not infrequently the 

 cause of intestinal stenosis (Achilles found intestinal tumors, 

 mostly sarcomata in 0.2% of the horses slaughtered in the stock 

 yards at Leipzig). Most frequent are polyps of the mucosa ; they 

 may be multiple in this place. Sarcomata are usually found in 

 the small intestine; they are either firm or soft, and they also 

 assume an infiltrating form (Eabe, Kitt) with the histologic 

 structure of a lymphosarcoma. Melanomata occur in the cecum 

 and rectum of the horse (Plarrison, Csokor). Carcinomata are 

 frequently seen in the region of the anus of the dog (Frohner) ; 

 they are, how^ever, rare in other parts of the intestinal tract and 

 in other animals. (According to the compilation of Acldlles only 

 six cases have so far been reported in the horse) ; these car- 

 cinomata in horses have no tendency to undergo ulcerative 

 changes. As rare neoplasms must be mentioned: fi))romata, 

 myxomata, lipomata, leiomyomata, adenomata, adeno-carcin- 

 omata, actinomj^comata (the latter are of course, not true tu- 

 mors). 



Guenon removed from the rectum of a horse a pediciilated, very hard tumor 

 the size of a walnut; it was, according to Petit, formed in such a manner that a 

 calculus had formed in a gland of Lieberkiihn. This calculus had gradually dis- 

 tended the mucosa and had drawn it out with the formation of a pedicle. Tn a case 

 of Cadeac congenital valve formation in the rectum had been the cause of stenosis. 



Calculi, balls of feces, foreign bodies, not infrequently cause 

 stenosis before entirely obstructing the lumen of the intestines. 

 Circumscribed dilatations of the intestinal wall (diverticulum in- 

 testini), which may either l)e congenital (diverticulum of Meckel 

 in the ileum) or acquired through the action of heavy bodies 

 (sand, calculi, fecal balls), and may constrict the lumen of the 

 part where they are located by compressing it when filled or by 

 twisting it through traction. These forms of diverticula are 

 most commonly found in the horse in the last portion of the 

 ileum, in the large intestine, or in the small colon. 



Compression of the intestine by an aliscess or a neoplasm 

 formed in the mesentery or by enlarged abdominal organs 



