420 Internal Strangulation of the Intestine. 



get up again, trip restlessly from place to place and sometimes 

 step into the crib. The gait is sometimes stiff, because the right 

 hind foot is not placed sufficiently forward. The restlessness 

 ceases after several, usually after 6 to 12 hours ; it may, there- 

 fore, happen that, if the attack occurred in the evening, it is over 

 the next morning, and that only the condition of the bedding 

 straw shows that the animal has been restless during the night 

 (Walch). S}^nptoms of restlessness are absent during the fur- 

 ther course, and with the deterioration of the general condition 

 one observes only groaning and slight restlessness at longer 

 intervals, due to the peritonitis which has developed. Perspir- 

 ation is frequent at the onset of the disease. 



The circumference of the abdomen is at first not changed; 

 later on moderate bloating occurs, due to moderate dilatation 

 of the portions of intestines nearer to the stomach, and also on 

 account of secondary bloating in the rumen. The intestinal 

 sounds are suppressed and cease entirely later on ; sudden pres- 

 sure on the right half of the abdomen later produces splashing 

 sounds and pressure upon the abdominal wall, especially on the 

 right flank, often produces sjmiptoms of pain. After restless- 

 ness has set in the feces are voided for a short time, for a few 

 hours at the utmost, and afterwards complete constipation 

 supervenes ; perhaps very little fecal matter or some mucus may 

 be expelled with great efforts. 



Rectal examination, which, according to Walch, is best 

 made on the standing animal, will always (Walch) reveal the 

 spermatic-duct t3^pe of strangulation (strangulatio ducto-sper- 

 matica), and frequently also the other types. The rectum is 

 found empty. In strangulation of tlie spermatic duct type, one 

 finds a tumor, the size of a fist up to the size of a child's head, 

 occasionally as big as an adult human head, in the neighbor- 

 hood of the internal inguinal ring, as a rule on the right, 

 very rarely on the left side. The tumor is composed of 

 tense dilated intestinal loops and is adherent at one point to 

 the abdominal wall, where one can feel a tense cord. If the re- 

 tracted spermatic cord has become wound around the intestines, 

 the tumor is more motile and is nearer to the median line or 

 in the middle of the anterior margin of the pelvis ; in this case 

 one can also feel the strangulating cord. In strangulations of 

 other types the findings in cattle are the same as they are in 

 horses. 



In spite of the fact that the animal has subsequently quieted 

 down, the sensorium becomes clouded. There is complete lack 

 of appetite and great weakness, so that the animals are no 

 longer able to get up. 



The pulse early becomes rapid and weak, and it rises to 

 120 to 130 per minute; sinmltaneously with this acceleration, 

 the peripheral portions of the body become cool, the visible 

 mucosa, which is at first reddened, becomes pale. Tlie respira- 

 tion is accelerated from the start and becomes more difficult. 



