Treatment. Colicky Affections in Horses. 445 



intestines by foreign 1 todies, so that an exploratory laparotomy 

 alone can decide the diagnosis. In cows the differential diag- 

 nosis must exclude torsion of the uterus (Albrecht). 



Treatment. The only treatment that promises any success 

 at all is laparotomy. After opening the abdominal cavity (in 

 cattle in the right flank, in dogs and possibly also in foals, in 

 the median line, in horses at a point next to the seat of the 

 invagination) the invaginated intestine is located and drawn 

 out. The loops are then reduced or, if adhesions have formed 

 or there are signs of necrosis, the affected portion of the intes- 

 tine is resected and the ends of healthy intestine are united by 

 a suture. In separating an invaginated portion it is advisable 

 not merely to pull, but to press at the other end. 



The operation was first performed in cattle by Liiscan in France and by 

 Meyer in Germany, and good results were obtained in this animal. (Lnscan, Meyer, 

 Taecoen, Hafner, Matthieu, Perdan, Guittard, Schmidt, Schiel, Johnk and others) ; 

 Miehener cured invagination in young foal ; Plosz obtained good results in several 

 dogs by laparotomy made in the median line. 



Whether it be possible to free the invaginated intestine with the hand in the 

 rectum in larger animals, or through the intact abdominal wall in smaller animals, 

 is a question which cannot yet be answered. 



The use of laxatives is contraindicated ; they can only do 

 harm. The injection of water might be tried, but one can ex- 

 pect good results only in certain invaginations of the small 

 colon or of the rectum. 



Literature. Dasch, T. Z., 1907, 2.— Guittard, Pr. vet., 1898, 481; 1904, 49. 

 — Hochstein, W. f. Tk., 1902, 473.— Imminger, W. f. Tk., 1904, 51.— Johne, S. B., 



1893, 49.— Johnk, B. t. W., 1907, 951.— Klee, Vet. Jhb., 1906, 352.— Klett, D. t. W., 

 1907, 240.— Kut^ner, Z. f. Vk., 1903, 124.— Lusean, J. du Midi, 1841, 39.— Meyer, 

 Mag., 1848, 312.— Miehener, Am. Vet. Rev., 1898, 702.— Nietzold, S. B., 1903, 77.— 

 Nothnagel, Die Erkrankungen d. Darms, 1898, 287. — Oppenheim, T. Z., 1906, 253. — 

 Panthe, Z. f. Yk., 1901, 439.— Parent, Eec, 1909, 420.— Perkuhn, Z. f. Vk., 1909, 

 185.— Eackow, A. f. Tk., 1897, XXIII, 336.— Rulf, A. L., 1904, 106.— Schiel, B. t. 

 W., 1904, 27; 1906, 610.— Schmi.lt, Am. Vet. Rev., 1902, 340.— Schuemacher, D. t. W., 



1894, 164.— Sutton, D. t. W., 1908, 219. (Ref.)— Wagenheuser, W. f. Tk., 1894, 273. 



27. Colicky Affections in Horses. 



The term colic means intestinal pain, according to its etymo- 

 logic derivation (dolor coli, colica, neuralgia colica, enteralgia, 

 enterodynia). By typical colicky pains one has always meant 

 in human medicine peculiar, cutting, pinching or tearing intes- 

 tinal pains (Bauchzwicken [German] ) which come on suddenly in 

 the form of an attack and disappear again suddenly after a cer- 

 tain period of time. Nothnagel has shown and the authors have 

 become convinced from the results of their experiments and rec- 

 tal examinations that genuine colicky pains are always due to 

 convulsive (tetanic) contractions which cause compression of 

 terminal sensory nerves. The experience of veterinary practi- 

 tioners leaves no doubt that contractions of the muscularis of 



