456 Gastropliilus Larva3 in the Stomach of the Horse. 



Treatment. The ordinary antlielmintic drugs have no ef- 

 fect upon the very resistant gastrophihis larva?. The larvae, 

 however, are killed or narcotized by carbon disulphide (car- 

 bonenm snlphuratnm) which has been recommended by Per- 

 roncito and Bosso and they are then voided with the feces. 

 The drug is administered in gelatin capsules of 12-15 gm. (foals 

 only 6-8 gm.) three or four times at intervals of two hours, after 

 the animals have been starved for twelve to twenty-four hours. 

 The medicine is administered with the aid of a balling gun 

 or the capsules may have been lubricated with castor oil or 

 vaselin and they are placed on the tongue by the hand, pro- 

 vided the animals are not too young; they are then swallowed 

 by deglutition due to reflex irritation. One may improvise a 

 simple balling gun by splitting crosswise one end of a reed 

 12-15 cm. long; the four sections made by the cross incisions 

 must l)e rounded off. One end of the capsule, made slippery as 

 indicated above, is grasped between the four sections of the 

 reed and is pushed along the hard palate, back to the velum, 

 then the cajosule is swallowed (Tarr). After twelve to twenty- 

 four hours, one administers 250-500 gm. of castor oil, or tartar 

 emetic (6-10 gm.) with sweet milk or mucilage or an aloe pill 

 (15-30 gm.). The efficiency of carbon-disulphite has frequently 

 been confirmed (Bugarli, Cognesi, Hanke, Wessel, Kroning and 

 others) ; the discharge of the larvae begins as early as the next 

 day; they are found in the feces in various stages of develop- 

 ment. Animals which are greatly emaciated are much affected 

 by energetic treatment and some may even succumb to it (au- 

 thors' observation). Santy found oil of turpentine effective 

 (50-80 gm.) ; it is given in milk. 



Larvae in the rectum may be removed manually or by in- 

 jections of soap-, vinegar-, or creolin-water ; also with carbon- 

 disulphide (5 to 10 gm. to one quart of mucilage). Labat rec- 

 ommends the inunction of the rectal mucosa with boro-vaselin, 

 whereupon the larvae become detached, without dying, and are 

 voided. The discharged larvae should be destroyed. 



Literature. Kroning, Z. f. Vk., 1906, 202 (Lit.).— Petit & Germain, Bull., 

 1907, 405. 



Nematodes in the Stomach of the Horse. The fine filiform Spirop- 

 tera megastoma foi-ins firm tumors up to the size of a hen's egg in the 

 neighborhood of the left margin of the glandular mucosa; the worms 

 can be expressed from the opening of tlie tumor. This worm as well as 

 Spiroptera michrostoma, infect, according to Railliet, the gastric mucosa 

 of horses and produce in donkeys even ulceration of the stomach ; they 

 as well as Strongylus tenuissimus, found once by Mazzanti in the stomach 

 of a horse, are of no significance from a clinical standpoint. Weston 

 saw, however, several cases of ulceration in the pyloric portion of the 

 stomach or in the duodenum due to Sp. megastoma with subsequent 

 peritonitis and death. Petit & Germain saw adenomatouslike formations 

 in the stomach of a horse due to the presence of Strongylus Axei. 



