Tmix'woiiu.s ill Iforscs. 4iK) 



of llic sc^'hMMils. 'riic cjiiiarK'uli Icriiiiiiatc in an opening- on llici 

 |>(»sl(M'i()i" niari;in of llic lasl sc^incnl. 



Tlio development of tapeworms occui'h as follows: After llic 

 ova, wliicli iii't' voitlfd willi llic sc^^iiifiil, li<iv(( j^'oltcn inU* the Hloiiiadi 

 of 11 proper liosi, llieir shell is dissolved and I lie free eiiiltryo (oii- 

 eospliei-e) perrorates (lie wall of Hie sloiiiaeli or iiilesliiie, and j^cts ae 

 liv<'ly or passively inio various organs; in ease il eoiiics from a henia, 

 it. eiiaiif^es inIo a liladder-worni or eyslieei'cus ; while I he embryo 

 of liothrioceplialida' forms a hand-like pleiiroeereoid. If Ihe eyslieer- 



eiis or |deuro<-ereoi(l siil)se(pieid ly '^d^ inIo ; Ilwr proper liosi, Ihe 



seolex heeomes extruded, the hladdei- or Ihe liod\ of a pleiiroeereoid is 

 (lit^^'st-ed and the fi'e<' s<'ole\ or pleiiroeereoid wanders iiil(» the intes- 

 tine, atlaelies itself lo the miieosji :ind Ihe developiiii'iit o\' se^-'meilts 

 he^'iuH. l<]mhryos are foi'iiied in the ova afler ferl ili/.al ion. I^'roiii tiiiK^ 

 to lime, shorter or longer portions of the worm Iteeome detached and 

 ar"e V()i(h'd with the feces (T. echiiKwoccus consist iii^^' of three or four 

 Ncfj^ments is voided completely), the sef^'inents remain outside on the 

 ground, on straw, or ^rass. They remain alivtt foi* a few dass, show 

 oven some motion, Iheii they die, the ova, however, are protected hy a. 

 thick shiOl, and remain ali\(' miieli loii<^'er, provided that there is some 

 moistin-e. Uothrocephalida- deposit their ova in Ihe inteslinal ti-aet. of 

 the host,. 



'IMio morbid (dTccI, of \:vu\:\ is (bie fo a willi(lrawal <d' niili-i- 

 tivo material, also to tlioir poisons (Linstow); scrictiis distni'b- 

 unoos of hoaltli ai'o observed only in llie |)resen('(' of iinnierous 

 tapeworms. 



Literature. I.cn.'kiiil , Dir I'iunNilcn d. MeiiH.-li.'ii, ISSl, |,;i|(l. 



(a) Tapeworms in Horses. 

 Etiolog-y. 'riiree li<)(d(less tapeworms oeciir in llie liorse: 



1. Anoploccpliala (Taenia) plicata: Hi :'S im. Ioh^, llnl l;i|ie\v()iiii willi cimi 

 parativoly Ijii^^c^ (I inin. wide) H(|iiar(^ liciid, nii|i|ilie(l wiHi lour mIioiij^ .siickciM. 'I'Iki 

 ova ai(( rouiiil or ciiliical. 



'J.. Anoplocephala (T.)perfollata: '2S> s .■m. hm;^ ;uhI .". ir, nitn. wide; rdimd in 

 tlin Miriiill iiiteNtilie, rxcept ioiKlll V iilso in llie mI oiilkIi. \\,-.u[ l>liinl, :! nini. lliirK wllli 

 well d('V.d()|>e.! Miickei'H, Ixdii ml ' I li.' Iie;hl un I lie ii|,|,.'r illni lowi'l' fi\>U'. two rounded 

 llii|.s. Tim o\ii are ),ol.VK('iial. 



:(. Anoplocephala (T.) nianiillana: Only I .. im. ionj^ ami I (i inin. wide. Tim 

 oval HiicluM'H round on a Hpliericiil licad are |ii(i\i<l<'d willi a ceiilral I'lirrow-likc ilu- 

 proHHioii. Tlu! ova are (doof^iiliMl. Ih round in tin' diiiid<'iiiiiii and jejiinnni. 



Tapeworms are eomparat i\'(dy r.nc in horses; A. perfoliata 

 Ih the most common amon^' tlieiii. 'riic eystieercnH of these tap(<- 

 worms ami the manner in wliieli horses ai'o inleotctl tiro, mi- 

 i<nown. 



Anatomical Changes. Tf ilie Iiit"slln<' eoniaiiiH many tape- 

 worms, its wall bulges onl here and lliei-e, and tlie worms are 



